quadrant of the liver
RUQ with some extension into LUQ
what spinal level is the inferior angle of the liver found at
L3
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quadrant of the liver
RUQ with some extension into LUQ
what spinal level is the inferior angle of the liver found at
L3
describe the shape of the superior border of the liver
convex to conform to the shape of the right hemidiaphragm
what does the liver do to the lung (in terms of position)
elevates the right lung
shape of liver
wedge
measurements of the liver
20cm across, 16cm tall, 13cm deep
describe how the liver is divided
into two major and two minor lobes
where is the right lobe found
lateral, RUQ
which liver lobe is the largest
right
where is the left liver lobe found
across midline and goes into the LUQ
where are the minor lobes located
underside of the liver
name the minor liver lobes
caudate, quadrate
what structure separates the left and right liver lobes
falciform ligament
where does the falciform ligament attach to (2)
anterior abdominal wall, diaphragm
what structure separates the quadrate lobe from the left
ligamentum teres
what structure separates the caudate lobe from the left
ligamentum venosum
which structure delivers oxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic artery
what is the hepatic artery a branch from
aorta
role of hepatic portal vein
brings deoxygenated blood to the liver to be filtered
the hepatic portal vein brings deoxygenated blood to the liver for filtering. where in the body does this blood come from (4)
GI tract, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder
the hepatic portal vein is formed by the joining of which two vessels
splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein
how are main hepatic ducts (aka right and left hepatic ducts) formed
small secondary/intrahepatic ducts join together to form the larger structure
what structure do left and right hepatic ducts join to form
common hepatic duct
what structure does the common hepatic duct join
cystic duct from the gallbladder
the common hepatic duct + cystic duct =
bile duct
what structure does the bile duct join
pancreatic duct
bile duct + pancreatic duct =
hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)
where is the hepatopancreatic ampulla found
first part of duodenum
role of the hepatopancreatic ampulla
contains a sphincter that controls drainage into the duodenum
what is a cholangiogram
contrast media is introduced into the bile collecting system in order to better visualize it
list 7 functions of the liver
produces bile, regulates blood clotting, detoxification, metabolism, produces blood plasma albumin, degrades old blood cells, breaks down metabolic by-products to a safe form
what are the related structures to the superior surface of the liver
diaphragm
what are the related structures to the right surface of the liver
diaphragm and costal cartilages
what are the related structures to the anterior surface of the liver
diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall
what are the related structures to the posterior surface of the liver
diaphragm, IVC, abdominal aorta
what are the related structures to the inferior surface of the liver
right kidney, duodenum, hepatic flexure, gallbladder, stomach
T or F: the liver is best visualized on xray
false; CT due to its density
what is the purpose of an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
assess pathologies of the pancreatic head, pancreatic ducts, the bile duct, or common hepatic duct
what will an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography show
stones, strictures, blockages, dilations, or lesions of the duct system
steps of an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
fiber optic scope passed through the mouth to where the bile duct empties into the duodenum, catheter is placed, contrast media injected, stones can then be removed, stents or balloons can be placed if needed, the sphincter can be cut to make it wider
steps of a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram
needle is inserted through the outer abdominal wall into the liver, contrast media is injected into hepatic ducts
where is the gallbladder attached to
anterior surface of the liver
what duct drains the gallbladder
cystic duct
from the gallbladder, which direction does the cystic duct go
posteriorly
gallbladder location of sthenic and hyposthenic patients
halfway between xiphoid and LCM (T11-L2)
gallbladder location of hypersthenic patients
higher and to the right, lies horizontally
gallbladder location of asthenic patients
lies lower and close to midline, vertically
gallbladder size
7-10cm long, 3cm wide
gallbladder volume
30-40ml of bile
shape of gallbladder when its full
pear shaped
name the parts of the gallbladder
fundus, body, neck
what is the fundus of the gallbladder
rounded end
what is the body of the gallbladder
middle portion
what is the neck of the gallbladder
narrowed S shaped end that connects with the cystic duct
function of the gallbladder
store and concentrate bile from the liver, release bile into the duodenum
what structure keeps the cystic duct open to regulate bile flow
spiral valves
T or F: spiral valves are present along the entire length of the cystic duct
true
what are spiral valves of the cystic duct formed by
folds in the walls of the duct
what two radiographic procedures do we do to view the gallbladder
sonography, fluoro
where is the spleen found
LUQ, posterior to the stomach at ribs 9-11
function of the spleen
cleans blood, filters old RBCs, destroys pathogens, stores platelets and releases them when we bleed
shape of spleen
bean
dimensions of the spleen
12.5cm long, 7.5cm thick, 3.5cm wide
laterally, what does the spleen share a border with
abdominal wall
medially, what does the spleen share a border with
adrenal gland, left kidney
inferiorly, what does the spleen share a border with
splenic flexure
superiorly and posteriorly, what does the spleen share a border with
diaphragm
anteriorly, what does the spleen share a border with
stomach
where is the pancreas located
extends transversely across the abdomen from duodenum to spleen at L1/2
where is the head of the pancreas found
lies within the duodenal curve
how long is the spleen
13cm
role of the pancreas (endocrine and exocrine)
creates enzymes that aid in digestion, creates hormones that help regulate blood glucose