Chemistry - Exam 1

does Energy increase with frequency or wavelength?

Frequency

Does Energy have an inverse relationship with wavelength or frequency

Wavelength

Plancks constant (h)

6.63×10^-34 joules * seconds

What unit is Energy (E) in?

Joules

Units for wavelength (λ)

Metres

speed of light [c]

3.00×10⁸ m/s or 3.00×10¹⁷ nm/s

Wave nature:

speed of light [c] = wavelength (λ) * frequency (v)

Particle nature:

Energy (E) = [(plancks constant (h) * speed of light [c])/(wavelength (λ))]

highest energy wave to lowest energy wave:

Gamma, X-ray, Ultraviolet, Infared, Microwave, Broadcast and wireless radio

lowest energy wave to highest energy wave:

Broadcast and wireless radio, Microwave, Infared, Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma

definition of wave-particle duality:

light behaves both as a wave and a particle

formula for calculating the change of energy when an electron is moving between two subshells

change of energy = (-2.181×10^-18 joules) * ([1/n²_f] - [1/n²_i])

what is an orbital?

the most probable location to find an electron

as n increases, _________________ increases as well

distance from the nucleus

electrons closer to the nucleus exist at ____ energy levels

lower

electrons further away from the nucleus exist at ____ energy levels

higher

what is n associated with?

energy level

what is n called?

the principle quantum number

what is L called?

angular momentum quantum number

what does L describe?

the shape of the orbital

if two or more electrons have the same value of n, they are said to be in the same ____

shell

describe the relationship between L and N

L <= n-1

what shape does L = 0 have:

s shape (circle)

what shape does L = 1 have:

p shape (infinity sign)

what shape does L = 2 have:

d shape (butterfly)

what shape does L = 3 have:

f shape

what does m_L describe?

describes the orientation of the orbital relative to other similar orbitals in that atom.

describe the relationship between L and m_L

-L <= m_L<= L

what does m_s represent?

the electron spin

how do you represent an electron spinning in a clockwise (up) direction?

m_s=+1/2

how do you represent an electron spinning in a counterclockwise (down) direction?

m_s=-1/2

every electron within an atom has a set of ________

four quantum numbers

what is the ‘2’ in 2p⁵ electron?

the principle quantum number

what is the ‘p’ in 2p⁵ electron?

the angular momentum quantum number

can n = 0?

no

de broglie wavelength formula

Wavelength (λ) = plancks constant (h)/(mass (m) * velocity (u))

plancks constant (h) * frequency (v) =

Energy (E)

definition of paramagnetic

when there are one or more unpaired electrons

definition of diamagnetic

when all electrons in an atom are paired

how many orbitals does the ‘p’ subshell have

3

how many orbitals does the ‘s’ subshell have

1

how many orbitals does the ‘d’ subshell have

5

electron configuration for Chromium (Cr)

^{[Ar] 4s5 3d5}

electron configuration for Copper (Cu)

[Ar] 4s¹ 3d¹⁰

electron configuration for Molybdenum (Mo)

[Kr] 5s¹ 4d⁵

electron configuration for Silver (Ag)

[Kr] 5s¹ 4d¹⁰

as you go down in a group on the periodic table, does atomic size increase or decrease?

increase

as you go up in a group on the periodic table, does atomic size increase or decrease?

decrease

as you go to the right on a period on a periodic table, does the atomic size increase or decrease?

decrease

as you go to the left on a period on a periodic table, does the atomic size increase or decrease?

increase

what does the principle quantum number describe?

the shell of an electron in an atom

when an ion increases in charge (positive), does the atomic radius increase or decrease?

decrease

when an ion decreases in charge (negative), does the atomic radius increase or decrease?

increase

atoms and ions that have the same electron configuration are said to be ______

isoelectronic