AMSCO 1.3 QUIZ

B

"O King! The city of Madurai was famed for its sweet beauty, but has now become the city of wild animals since the Muslims conquered it [in 1335]. Its famed Hindu temple has been reduced to rubble. The mighty Kaveri River used to flow in its proper channels because our noble Hindu rulers of the past had curbed it with dams. But now, the river flows without discipline like her new Muslim lords because the dams have been damaged beyond repair.

My Lord, it is hard to say whether we get more troubled by hearing the owls that now live in our abandoned gardens, or get more perturbed by the Persian language uttered by the pet-parrots from the houses of the Muslims. There is no agriculture left, as the angry Lord Indra* has stopped sending rains. My King! The Vedas have disappeared. With dharma gone, character and nobleness have disappeared.

My king, this sword that you hold is now placed into your lotus-hands by divine providence. Take it and without further delay uproot from my lands this Muslim kingdom. Go forth my dear Lord, win your victory, and establish One Hundred Victory Pillars!"

*the Hindu god of the heavens who brings thunder and rain

Speech of a female petitioner from the South Indian city of Madurai made at the court of the king of Vijayanagara, a Hindu empire in South India. The speech is recorded in a fourteenth-century poem written by a princess of Vijayanagara describing Vijayanagara's conquest of the Muslim sultanate of Madurai in 1378.

A historian would most likely cite which of the following claims made in the second paragraph to demonstrate that Hindu teachings influenced the development of South Asian societies?

A

There is no agriculture left because Indra now supports the Muslims.

B

The absence of dharma has caused nobleness and character to disappear.

C

The Hindu citizens of Madurai are perturbed by hearing parrots speaking Persian.

D

The Hindu citizens of Madurai protect the owls in their gardens because they are considered to be sacred birds.

A

"O King! The city of Madurai was famed for its sweet beauty, but has now become the city of wild animals since the Muslims conquered it [in 1335]. Its famed Hindu temple has been reduced to rubble. The mighty Kaveri River used to flow in its proper channels because our noble Hindu rulers of the past had curbed it with dams. But now, the river flows without discipline like her new Muslim lords because the dams have been damaged beyond repair.

My Lord, it is hard to say whether we get more troubled by hearing the owls that now live in our abandoned gardens, or get more perturbed by the Persian language uttered by the pet-parrots from the houses of the Muslims. There is no agriculture left, as the angry Lord Indra* has stopped sending rains. My King! The Vedas have disappeared. With dharma gone, character and nobleness have disappeared.

My king, this sword that you hold is now placed into your lotus-hands by divine providence. Take it and without further delay uproot from my lands this Muslim kingdom. Go forth my dear Lord, win your victory, and establish One Hundred Victory Pillars!"

*the Hindu god of the heavens who brings thunder and rain

Speech of a female petitioner from the South Indian city of Madurai made at the court of the king of Vijayanagara, a Hindu empire in South India. The speech is recorded in a fourteenth-century poem written by a princess of Vijayanagara describing Vijayanagara's conquest of the Muslim sultanate of Madurai in 1378.

Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph?

A

Hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the Kaveri River.

B

Wild animals destroyed Madurai's Hindu temple.

C

The Kaveri River flooded and destroyed the city of Madurai.

D

The city of Madurai's Hindu temple was renowned for its beauty.

B

"O King! The city of Madurai was famed for its sweet beauty, but has now become the city of wild animals since the Muslims conquered it [in 1335]. Its famed Hindu temple has been reduced to rubble. The mighty Kaveri River used to flow in its proper channels because our noble Hindu rulers of the past had curbed it with dams. But now, the river flows without discipline like her new Muslim lords because the dams have been damaged beyond repair.

My Lord, it is hard to say whether we get more troubled by hearing the owls that now live in our abandoned gardens, or get more perturbed by the Persian language uttered by the pet-parrots from the houses of the Muslims. There is no agriculture left, as the angry Lord Indra* has stopped sending rains. My King! The Vedas have disappeared. With dharma gone, character and nobleness have disappeared.

My king, this sword that you hold is now placed into your lotus-hands by divine providence. Take it and without further delay uproot from my lands this Muslim kingdom. Go forth my dear Lord, win your victory, and establish One Hundred Victory Pillars!"

*the Hindu god of the heavens who brings thunder and rain

Speech of a female petitioner from the South Indian city of Madurai made at the court of the king of Vijayanagara, a Hindu empire in South India. The speech is recorded in a fourteenth-century poem written by a princess of Vijayanagara describing Vijayanagara's conquest of the Muslim sultanate of Madurai in 1378.

Which of the following is a claim made by the petitioner in the third paragraph?

A

The gods will directly accompany the king in his conquest of the Madurai Sultanate.

B

The king has the support of the gods in his efforts to drive Muslims out of Madurai.

C

A prophecy has shown that the king will conquer the Madurai Sultanate.

D

The king should establish victory pillars after his conquest.

D

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the travel depicted in the illustration?

A

To convert peoples of other faiths to Islam

B

To create diasporic merchant communities

C

To recruit soldiers for the Caliphate

D

To bind diverse communities to a common tradition

D

As Islam spread between 1200 and 1600, it affected gender relations in which of the following ways?

A

Women were no longer allowed to be small-scale traders.

B

Polygamy became widespread.

C

Women became fully equal to men in terms of the right to divorce.

D

Existing local customs regarding marriage and the role of women blended with Islamic models.

B

"Let the blessings of Allah be upon Muhammad and his companions universally. In the year 1640 C.E. I wanted to behold the mystics of every sect, to hear the lofty expressions of monotheism, and to cast my eyes upon many books of mysticism. I, therefore, examined the Book of Moses, the Gospels, and the Psalms.

Among the Hindus, the best of their heavenly books, which contain all the secrets of pure monotheism, are called the Upanishads. Because I do not know Sanskrit, I wanted to make an exact and literal translation of the Upanishads into Persian*. For the Upanishads are a treasure of monotheism and there are few thoroughly conversant with them even among the Indians. Thereby I also wanted to make the texts accessible to Muslims.

I assembled Hindu scholars and ascetics to help with the translation. Every sublime topic that I had desired or thought and had looked for and not found, I obtained from these most ancient books, the source and the fountainhead of the ocean of religious unity, in conformity with the holy Qur'an."

*Persian was the primary language used at the Mughal court.

Dara Shikoh, son of the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan, account of the translation of the Upanishads into Persian, 1657 C.E.

Based on the passage, which of the following most strongly influenced Dara Shikoh's religious views?

A

Shi'ism

B

Sufism

C

Buddhism

D

Zoroastrianism

B

"Let the blessings of Allah be upon Muhammad and his companions universally. In the year 1640 C.E. I wanted to behold the mystics of every sect, to hear the lofty expressions of monotheism, and to cast my eyes upon many books of mysticism. I, therefore, examined the Book of Moses, the Gospels, and the Psalms.

Among the Hindus, the best of their heavenly books, which contain all the secrets of pure monotheism, are called the Upanishads. Because I do not know Sanskrit, I wanted to make an exact and literal translation of the Upanishads into Persian*. For the Upanishads are a treasure of monotheism and there are few thoroughly conversant with them even among the Indians. Thereby I also wanted to make the texts accessible to Muslims.

I assembled Hindu scholars and ascetics to help with the translation. Every sublime topic that I had desired or thought and had looked for and not found, I obtained from these most ancient books, the source and the fountainhead of the ocean of religious unity, in conformity with the holy Qur'an."

*Persian was the primary language used at the Mughal court.

Dara Shikoh, son of the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan, account of the translation of the Upanishads into Persian, 1657 C.E.

Dara Shikoh's views about the value of the Upanishads, as expressed in the second paragraph, are most likely based on which of the following features of Hinduism?

A

The belief in the cycle of rebirth

B

The belief in an ultimate universal principle

C

The belief in numerous gods and goddesses

D

The belief in the potential for the liberation of the soul

B

The ninth-century monument pictured above, located on the island of Java in present-day Indonesia, best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?

A

The conflict between secular and religious principles of government

B

The spread of universalizing religions beyond their places of origin

C

The rejection of universal religions by rulers wishing to protect local religious practices

D

The growth of popular religion

D

The photograph above of Angkor Wat in Cambodia is an example of

A

the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia

B

the wealth created by the spice trade

C

Japanese architecture

D

Hindu influence in Southeast Asia

E

the Chinese reconquest of Indochina

C

Which of the following was the main reason that Buddhist thought had important social implications for South Asia?

A

It encouraged larger family size.

B

Its followers were incorporated into the Brahman caste.

C

It challenged hierarchies based on caste.

D

It reinforced the idea of obedience to the emperor as a means to salvation.

D

The founder of Buddhism developed a religion centered on

A

belief in heaven

B

regulation of social interactions

C

support of the caste system

D

elimination of desire and suffering

E

monotheism

B

Which of the following best explains the changes in China's population shown in the table above?

A

Immigration to China increased due to religious persecution of Buddhists in India and Southeast Asia.

B

Agricultural output increased as a result of the use of the new crop strains, iron plows, and expanded irrigation.

C

Less warfare with neighboring states and nomadic peoples also meant fewer casualties in wars and a population increase.

D

The Confucian emphasis on the importance of family led many Chinese to have more children.

B

I am imperishable time;

The Creator whose face is everywhere;

Death that devours all things;

The source of all things to come

The god Krishna speaks, Bhagavad Gita, Vedic sacred text, circa fifth century to second century B.C.E.

The excerpt above best represents which aspect of Hinduism?

A

The desire to escape worldly suffering

B

The cyclical nature of death and rebirth

C

The belief in karma

D

The importance of caste