Carbohydrates Part 3

Polysaccharides

Contain three or more monosaccharides joined together

Cellulose

Is an unbranched polymer made up of repeating glucose units joined by 1→4 Beta-glycosidic linkages.

Cellulose

Is found in the cell walls of all plants, where it gives support and rigidity to wood, plant stems, and grass.

B-glycosidase

Humans do not posses the enzyme ____________ to hydrolyze cellulose and cannot digest it

Insoluble fiber

Cellulose makes up the __________ in our diets, which is important in adding bulk to waste to help eliminate it more easily

Starch

Is a polymer made up of repeating glucose units joined by a-glycosidic linkages.

Starch

Is present in corn, rice, wheat, and potatoes

True

Chitin is a Polysaccharide

Amylase

Enzyme in Saliva

Amylose

The first type of starch, and is a (linear form)

Amylopectin

The second type of starch, and is a (branched form)

Amylose

Is an unbranched polymer linked by 1→4 a-glycosidic linkages

Amylopectin

Is a branched polymer linked by 1→4-a and 1→6-a-glycosidic linkages

Amylase

Both (Amylose & Amylopectin) starch molecules can be digested by humans using the enzyme ____________

Glycogen

Is the major form of polysaccharide storage in animals, similar in structure to amylopectin.

Glycogen

It is stored mainly in the muscle and liver cells

The ends

When glucose is needed for energy, glucose units are hydrolyzed from ____________ of the glycogen polymer

Highly branched

Because glycogen is ___________, there are many ends available for hydrolysis.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Are group of unbranched carbohydrates derived from alternating amino sugar and glucuronate units

Hyaluronate

Extracellular fluids that lubricate joints and in the vitreous humor of the eye

Chondroitin

A component of cartilage and tendons

Heparin

Stored in the mast cells of the liver, helps prevent blood clotting.

Chitin

Is a polysaccharide formed from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units joined together by 1→4 -B-glycosidic linkages.

Pyranose ring

6-membered cyclic structure aldohexoses

Amylose

(20%)- Soluble in water

Amylopectin

(80%)- Major component, insoluble in water

Type A

Blood contains a fourth monosaccharide

Type B

Blood contains an additional D-galactose unit

Type AB

Has both type A and B carbohydrates

Type O

Those with __________ blood are called the universal donors, because people with any other blood type have no antibodies to type O.

Type AB

Those with _________ blood are universal recipients because their blood contains no antibodies to A,B, or O