Unit 8 Part 4: Functions of multimodal association and motor pathways

Multimodal Association Areas

combine multiple types of sensory info. prefrontal cortex, posterior, limbic.

prefrontal cortex

intellect, cognition, recall, personality

Posterior Association Area

language, pattern recognition, position in place

Limbic Association Area

emotional impact of situations

What are the motor areas of the cerebral cortex?

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, broca’s area, frontal eye field

primary motor cortex

controls precise and voluntary movements

premotor cortex

movement planning

broca’s area

speech

frontal eye field

voluntary eye movement

Motor Output

part of efferent division of nervous system. has three types of effectors. reflex responses can be handled by spinal cord or brain stem.

What are the three types of effectors for motor outputs?

skeletal muscle movement, neuroendocrine signals, visceral responses.

neuroendocrine signals

target cells are effectors

visceral responses

smooth and cardiac muscles are effectors

Cerebral Lateralization

both hemispheres work together on most tasks. asymmetrical distribution of functional specialization. right handed is left brain dominant.

Autonomic Nervous System

involuntary division of NS. controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, many glands, some adipose tissue. split into the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS.

sympathetic Autonomic NS

dominant in stressful situations. fight or flight response.

Parasympathetic Autonomic NS

dominant in calm situations. rest and digest response.

how is the hypothalamus involved with the autonomic NS?

Integration center of Autonomic NS. Major visceral control center of body. initiates physical response to emotions. regulates the endocrine system through the pituitary gland. regulates normal activities like temperature, food intake, water balance, sleep wake cycles.

Autonomic Division Control

crucial homeostasis. reflex responses. behavioral responses.

Visceral Reflexes

controlled partly by spinal cord. urination, defecation, penile erection.

Antagonistic Control

often sympathetic and parasympathetic control act in opposite directions on some tissue. regulate by altering amount of control given to each branch. receptor type can determine response.

Dual Innervation

target organ receives input from both parasympathetic and sympathetic NS. not all targets have dual innervation.

somatic nervous system

voluntary division of NS. controls skeletal muscle.

What does alpha state mean in the brain?

awake and relaxed

What does beta state mean in the brain?

awake and alert

What does delta state mean in the brain?

deep sleep

What does theta state mean in the brain?

light sleep or daydreaming.