VCE Chemistry

What is the Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases?

The Brønsted–Lowry theory defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor.

What distinguishes strong acids from weak acids?

Strong acids ionize completely in solution, while weak acids only partially ionize.

What is the ionic product of water at 25°C?

Kw = [H3O+][OH–] = 1.00 × 10–14 M².

How do acids and bases interact with indicators?

Acids turn litmus red, while bases turn it blue.

What are amphiprotic substances?

Amphiprotic substances can act as either acids or bases, depending on the reaction.

What is a conjugate acid?

A conjugate acid is the species formed when a base accepts a proton.

What are the products of an acid reacting with a metal hydroxide?

The products are a salt and water.

What happens when an acid reacts with a carbonate?

The products are a salt, water, and carbon dioxide.

What is an alkaline solution?

An alkaline solution is an aqueous solution of a soluble base, also referred to as an alkali.

How is pH calculated?

pH is calculated using the formula pH = -log10[H3O+].

What is the difference between concentrated and dilute acids?

Concentrated acids have a high amount of solute per unit volume, while dilute acids have a low amount.

What are the common properties of acids?

Acids have a sour taste, turn litmus red, and conduct an electric current.

What are the common properties of bases?

Bases have a bitter taste, feel slippery, turn litmus blue, and conduct an electric current.

What effect does ocean acidity have on marine life?

Increased ocean acidity negatively affects marine organisms like krill and plankton.

What ions are produced when acids react with water?

Hydronium (H3O+) ions are produced.

What ions are produced when bases react with water?

Hydroxide (OH–) ions are produced.

Define a monoprotic acid.

A monoprotic acid can donate only one proton or hydrogen ion per molecule.

What is a diprotic acid?

A diprotic acid can donate two protons per molecule.

What is a polyprotic acid?

A polyprotic acid can donate more than two protons per molecule.