Naming Chemical Compounds

Nomenclature

Collection of rules for naming things

Binary Compounds

Compounds containing only 2 elements

Inorganic compounds

Compounds primarily composed of elements other than carbon

Organic Compounds

Compounds where carbon is the principle element

Hydrogen and Oxygen

We must ask ourselves if the following molecular compound contains these two elements or not.

Charges the metals ions form and are the ions monoatomic or polyatomic

Questions to ask to ourselves when naming an ionic compound

metal, nonmetal

In an ionic compound the _____’s name comes first, followed by the _____’s name.

Sodium Oxide

Na₂O

Aluminum carbide

Al₄C₃

Potassium iodide (KI)

Ionic compound that gets added to iodized salt for thyroid health

Sodium fluoride (NaF)

Ionic compound which is the ingredient in toothpaste

Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)

Another name for washing soda, used in many cleaning agents

Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)

Ionic compound which is an active ingredient in house bleach.

Antacid

A medication that neutralizes acidity

Calcium Carbonate CaCO3, Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2, Aluminum Hydroxide Al(OH)3

Three ionic compounds that are very common ingredients of antacids

Lye

A strong alkaline product which is used to make soaps and cleaning products.

Sodium Hydroxide NaOH

Chemical name of lye

Potassium Phosphate K3PO4

The ionic compound which is used as a food additive

Magnesium sulfate MgSO4

An ionic compound that is added to a purified water

Anti-caking agent

A special ingredient added to powders to keep them from clumping together.

Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate Na2HPO4

An ionic compound which is a commonly used anti-caking agent

Sodium sulfite Na2SO3

An ionic compound which is a common preservative

Hydrate

Ionic compounds that contain water molecules as integral components of their crystals

Anhydrous

Means “not hydrated”

Mono

Nomenclature prefix of 1

Di

Nomenclature prefix of 2

Tri

Nomenclature prefix of 3

Tetra

Nomenclature prefix of 4

Penta

Nomenclature prefix of 5

Hexa

Nomenclature prefix of 6

Hepta

Nomenclature prefix of 7

Octa

Nomenclature prefix of 8

Nona

Nomenclature prefix of 9

Deca

Nomenclature prefix of 10

Cr+3

The chromium ion which is:

1) An ingredient of many vitamin and nutritional supplements

2) Forms compounds that are not very soluble in water

3) Has low toxicity

Cr+6

The chromium ion which is:

1) Much more toxic

2) Forms compounds that are reasonably soluble in water

3) It’s small amount of exposure leads to respiratory, gastrointestinal, immune systems, kidneys, liver, blood and skin damage

Molecular compounds

Compounds that are formed between two types of nonmetals

Acids

Release the Hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Binary Acids

Acids that are comprised of hydrogen and other non-metallic element.

Oxyacid

An acid that contains oxyanion.