Acid-Base Disorders Review: Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis

A set of Question and Answer flashcards covering causes, findings, and interventions for the four acid-base disorders listed in the notes.

What are the common causes of Metabolic Acidosis?

DKA, lactic acidosis, renal failure, diarrhea, alcohol.

What findings are associated with Metabolic Acidosis?

Confusion, lethargy, hypotension, arrhythmias, Kussmaul respirations, hyperkalemia.

What interventions are used for Metabolic Acidosis?

Insulin (DKA), fluids, sodium bicarbonate (severe), monitor K⁺.

What are the common causes of Respiratory Acidosis?

Hypoventilation (opioids, COPD, pneumonia, obstruction).

What findings are associated with Respiratory Acidosis?

Confusion, low BP, slow shallow breaths, cyanosis.

What interventions are used for Respiratory Acidosis?

O₂, bronchodilators, suctioning, Narcan, ventilatory support.

What are the common causes of Metabolic Alkalosis?

Antacids, vomiting, NG suction, diuretics, transfusion citrate.

What findings are associated with Metabolic Alkalosis?

Dizziness, tetany, tachycardia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, shallow breathing.

What interventions are used for Metabolic Alkalosis?

Stop cause, replace K⁺/Ca²⁺/Cl⁻, fluids, safety.

What are the common causes of Respiratory Alkalosis?

Anxiety, pain, fever, PE, high altitude.

What findings are associated with Respiratory Alkalosis?

Lightheadedness, tingling, tetany, tachycardia, rapid breathing.

What interventions are used for Respiratory Alkalosis?

Calm breathing, treat cause, pain relief, safety, monitor electrolytes.