Protestant Reformation, Inquisition, and Cultural Developments

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to the Protestant Reformation, Inquisition, early modern medicine, and cultural developments in Europe.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement initiated by Martin Luther that led to the establishment of Protestantism and significant changes in Christianity.

Vernacular Bible

A Bible translated into the common language of the people, allowing wider access and understanding of religious texts.

Great Peasants’ War

A peasant uprising from 1524 to 1525 in the Holy Roman Empire, sparked by religious reform and social injustice.

Twelve Articles

A document listing peasant demands for rights and reforms during the Great Peasants' War.

Inquisition

A church court system aimed at rooting out heresy, prevalent in Spain, Portugal, and later in colonial territories.

Auto-da-fé

A public ritual of confession and punishment for those accused of heresy during the Inquisition.

Converso/Conversa

Jewish or Muslim converts to Christianity, often suspected of secretly practicing their original faith.

Jesuits (Society of Jesus)

Catholic missionaries known for their educational and missionary work, particularly in India.

Kristapurana

A Christian theological text written by Jesuit Thomas Stephens, blending Christian themes with Indian literary styles.

Four Humors

Ancient medical theory proposing that health is governed by four bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.