his tory exam

a quick and dirty set I threw together using the onboard robot computer machine

Permafrost

Ground that has been frozen for 2 years.

Latitude

Measures the distance north or south of the equator.

Deciduous

(of a tree or shrub) Shedding its leaves annually.

Major Western Port Cities

San Diego, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Hueneme, Oakland.

Fall Line

The imaginary line between two parallel rivers, at the point where rivers plunge, or fall, at roughly the same elevation.

Major Eastern Port Cities

Ports of New York & New Jersey, Port of Savannah, Port of Charleston.

Evergreens

A plant whose leaves remain green all year.

Longitude

Distance east or west of the prime meridian.

Death Valley

A national park, known for having the highest recorded temperature in the world.

Plateau

A patch of land higher in elevation than the land around it, also flat on top.

Renaissance

Known as the 'Age of Discovery' as voyagers launched several expeditions to travel the planet.

Revisionism

Support of ideas that differ from accepted beliefs, often seen as wrong.

Crusades

A series of military campaigns organized by Christian powers to take Jerusalem and defend their gains.

Circumnavigate

To travel around something.

Conquistador

A conqueror, usually from Spain or Mexico in the 16th century.

Ferdinand Magellan

A Portuguese explorer known for the 1519–1522 Spanish expedition to the East Indies.

Vespucci

An Italian explorer who named America.

Bartholomew Dias

The first European mariner to round the southern tip of Africa.

Sagas

A long detailed account.

Vasco Da Gama

Portuguese explorer who first sailed from Europe to India by rounding Africa's Cape of Good Hope.

House of Burgesses

The first democratically-elected legislative body in the British American colonies.

Salutary Neglect

The British policy of letting the colonies ignore most British Laws.

Indentured Servants

Individuals working without pay to repay an indenture or loan over time.

Martial Law

Law administered by the military to restore order.

Joint Stock Company

A business owned by shareholders who can buy and sell shares freely.

Royal Colony

Colonies governed by people appointed by the King.

Albany Plan

A plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government.

Patriots

Persons supporting and prepared to defend their country.

Sons of Liberty

Group established to undermine British rule in colonial America.

George Whitefield

Founded the Methodist movement.

Loyalists

American colonists loyal to the British Crown.

Boycott

To stop buying goods or services from a company or country as a protest.

Actual Representation

People vote for representatives who directly speak for them.

Direct Tax

Tax paid directly to the government by the taxpayer.

Indirect Tax

Tax that can be passed on to another person or group.

Virtual Representation

People represented by officials not directly elected by them.

Jonathan Edwards

Started the Great Awakening in 1734 with his sermons.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution.

Federalists

Supporters of a federal government.

Antifederalists

Opposed the ratification of the 1787 U.S. Constitution.

Northwest Passage

Represented a new route to trading nations in Asia.

Lewis & Clark

Expedition to cross the western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase.

Gadsden Purchase

The U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for late Arizona and New Mexico.

Daniel Boone

Pioneer and frontiersman who settled Kentucky.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 land purchase from France that doubled the size of the U.S.

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin and pioneer of interchangeable parts.

Cotton Gin

A machine that quickly separates cotton fibers from seeds.

Erie Canal

A waterway boosting trade and westward expansion.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general who led the Army of Northern Virginia.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America.

Capital of the Union

Washington, D.C.

Abraham Lincoln

16th U.S. president who led during the Civil War and abolished slavery.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general who led the North to victory in the Civil War.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a novel opposing slavery.

Dred Scott

Enslaved man who sued for his freedom in a landmark Supreme Court case.

Capital of the Confederacy

Richmond, Virginia.

Union Plan to end the war

Anaconda Plan, a strategy to blockade Southern ports.

Southern Plan to win the war

Defensive strategy to outlast the North and gain foreign support.