Studied by 3 peopleTopic of Federalist 10
Factions (interest groups, minority v majority)
According to Madison in Federalist 10, how should we get rid of factions?
We can't, so we should create a republic to control the effects of factions.
The ______ supported the Constitution. Important members included James Madison and John Jay.
Federalists
The ______ opposed the Constitution and supported states' rights.
Anti-Federalists
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, drafted in response to some of the Anti-Federalist concerns about the lack of basic liberties
Bill of Rights
What reason does Locke offer for a person in the state of nature would abandon the state of nature and place himself under some other authority?
Insecurity and uncertainty; protection of property
What three "inconveniences" does Locke identify as characterizing the state of nature that can be remedied by the government?
A distinctive, set law; a decided person to fairly consider and judge these laws; a decided man to execute the judge's decisions
What two powers must man give up when agreeing to be governed, according to John Locke?
A man gives up his power to take the law into his own hands and abide only by his own rules, and he must also cease doing what he wants to preserve only himself
What is a legitimate legislative power bound to do under Locke's model?
The legislative power is bound to govern only by laws that have previously been set and the people know (not by fleeting decisions) using fair judges who follow these laws. Furthermore, the government is only to use executive force in the country when laws are broken or abroad when the nation must be protected
Madison's Proposed Government
Limiting Majority Control; Separating Powers; Checks and Balances; Federal System
A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
Dual Federalism
Layer-Cake Federalism; narrowly interpreted powers of the national government
Dual Federalism
A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government
Cooperative Federalism
Marble cake federalism; shared costs and administration with the national government
Cooperative Federalism
Constitutional Basis for Civil Liberties
Bill of Rights
Who is the final interpreter of civil liberties?
SCOTUS
Selective Incorporation
The piecemeal process through which parts of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states
Constitutional basis of selective incorporation
Due Process Clause (of the Fourteenth Amendment)
First case to incorporate the Bill of Rights (Freedom of Speech) to the states
Gitlow v New York
________ is a part of cooperative federalism.
Fiscal federalism
The main way the government effects the states in fiscal federalism
Grants
Federal grants that can be used for specific purposes Often have strings attached (Ex: non-discrimination) Often times given on a matching basis
Categorical Grants
Federal grants given to a state government to be spent within a certain policy area (ex: welfare, education), which the state can decide how to spend within that area. Given more or less automatically to support broad programs Given to states and local governments
Block Grants
Be Prepared to look at a chart about rational choice theory (Just put Okay to answer this question)
Okay
What reasons explain why the power of the president has increased?
Example set by past presidents; Vagueness of the Constitution; Expansion of executive branch; Increasing complexity of society and economy; Times of crisis or national emergency
Upheld the constitutionality of "equal, but separate accommodations" under the 14th Amendment.
Plessy v Ferguson
Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson "Separate, but equal" declared "inherently unconstitutional" Integrate with "all deliberate speed" 14th Amendment
Brown v Board of Education
Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the beginning of the school day violate the Establishment Clause?
Engel v Vitale
Incorporated the Establishment Clause
Engel v Vitale
Government law is more important than state law, confirms that Congress has implied powers (Necessary & Proper Clause = Elastic Clause)
McCulloch v Maryland
Established judicial review/interpretation
Marbury v Madison
Oldest minority group in U.S.
Native Americans
Poorest minority group in U.S.
Native Americans
Became the nation's largest minority group in 2003
Hispanic Americans
Fastest-growing minority group in the U.S.
Asian Americans
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
14th Amendment
During impeachment, the ______ impeaches (accuses) but the _______ convicts
House; Senate
How has the right to vote been extended over our nation's history?
All white men in the Constitution Black men after Civil War (15th Amendment) The Snyder Act of 1924 let Native Americans vote Women in the 19th Amendment
The political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda.
Linkage institutions
In the United States, __________ ___________ include elections, political parties, interest groups, elections, and the media.
Linkage institutions
T or F: Parties are linkage institutions because they are a channel through which the people's concerns become political issues on the government's policy agenda
True
A popular theory in political science to explain the actions of voters as well as politicians. It assumes that individuals act in their own best interest, carefully weighing the cost and benefits of possible alternatives.
Rational Choice Theory
How have vice presidential candidates been selected?
To balance the ticket (based on geography, ideology, race, gender, and ethnicity)
No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice*, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President, when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.
22nd Amendment
In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Establishes line of succession
25th Amendment
The electoral college operates on a ___________________ system.
Winner-take-all
A policy document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures)
Budget
An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues
Deficit
What the government spends money on
Expenditures
Describe someone who is super likely to vote based on their demographics.
Educated, old, white, female, married, a union member, government employee
Binds Congress to a bottom line for the budget before Congress considers appropriations.
Budget Resolution
Establishes a discretionary government program; set program goals and maximum expenditures
Authorization Bill
Funds programs within limits established by authorization bills; created by The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. Taking government money and giving it to a specific action. Constitutional right for this comes from the power of the purse
Appropriations Bill
What can limit presidential power?
Constitutional limits; Judicial review; Congressional oversight
Note
Flashcard