World History Final

The way of life of a society is its:

Culture

People who believe in many gods are:

Polytheistic

A highly organized social order is a:

Civilization

The period of time known as prehistory is characterized as the time before people invented:

Writing

The Egyptian deserts forced people to live along the banks of the Nile River and helped protect ancient Egypt from:

Foreign Invasion

Which geographical feature protected early Indian civilizations from northern invasions?

The Himalayan Mountains

The Huang He, or Yellow River, is called that because of the yellow colored __ it carries as it flows from the western mountains to the Pacific Ocean.

Loess

Which race of people is credited with the creation of the world's first empire?

Akkadians

Why is little known about the early Indus River civilizations?

Modern scholars have been unable to decipher their language

The first major Indus civilization is sometimes referred to as the _ civilization, named after the city where many major archaeological discoveries are made.

Harappan

Which of the following was the most important virtue in ancient China?

Respect for one's elders

What was a disadvantage for the settlers of Mesopotamia?

Lack of raw materials to make clothing and tools

During the Zhou the construction of roads and __ helped stimulate trade and improved the economy of China.

Canals

Which writing surface did the ancient Egyptians invent that allowed people to easily carry records with them?

Papyrus paper

According to Chinese beliefs, what role did the Mandate of Heaven play in the dynastic cycle?

It explained the power shifts from family to family

How did the ancient Egyptians view life after death?

They believed in an afterlife where life continued after death

How did the discovery of the Rosetta Stone help modern scholars decipher ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics?

The message also appeared in Greek, which is a well known language

How did life in ancient Egypt depend on the flooding of the Nile?

The floods were predictable and allowed for fertile soil deposits and plentiful crops

Why did Hammurabi create his code of laws?

To help unify the empire by enacting a uniform code of laws

How did the writing Chinese language unite all Chinese people?

They used the same written symbols throughout all of China regardless of their spoken language

According to the Hebrew Bible, why did God protect the Israelites?

Because Abraham promised to obey God

In which area did the Minoans dominate trade?

Eastern Mediterranean

What is the most lasting contribution of the Phoenicians?

Their system of writing

From which source do modern historians get most of their information about ancient Aryan society?

The Vedas

According to the Hebrew Bible, which land did God instruct Abraham to move to?

Canaan

Why did ancient Indian merchants traveling to Africa sail south during the winter months and north during the summer months?

These were the directions that prevailing winds blew between India and Africa throughout the year

Which island is the homeland of the Minoans?

Crete

What were the names of the two kingdoms that Solomon's empire was split into after his death?

Israel and Judah

Who ended the Babylonian captivity?

Cyrus the Great

What city was the capital of the Minoan civilization?

Knossos

What did ancient Indian sailors rely on to carry them to port cities along the east coast of Africa and the southwest coast of Asia?

Monsoon winds

The sacred Aryan literature that was a collection of prayers, hymns, and instructions for performing rituals was known as:

The Vedas

What did Confucius believe was the key to restoring social order, harmony, and good government in China?

Organizing society around human relationships

What is one way that Cyrus helped to establish stability in the Persian Empire?

He allowed conquered peoples to maintain their own cultures

What did Legalists believe that rulers should do?

Reward and punish behaviors

How did Darius change the way that the Persian Empire was governed?

By giving each province a degree of local control

The Hyksos invasion made Egyptians question their __

Desert barriers

Which group restored the city of Babylon after defeating the Assyrians?

The Chaldeans

What is one reason the Assyrians Empire fell?

It grew too large to maintain

What should each person do according to Zoroastrianism?

Battle against evil

What did Confucius believe that children should practice?

Respect for their parents and ancestors

What was Assyria's capital established by King Sennacherib?

Nineveh

What was the Royal Road built for?

To maintain communication across the Persian Empire

How did Pericles' reforms improve Athenian democracy?

Public officials were paid for serving in the government, allowing poorer people to hold office

Why was the phalanx an effective military formation?

The use of shields protected soldiers and helped maintain formation

A long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes is called a(n):

Epic

On which peninsula is Greece located?

Balkan

How did Pericles pay for Athens' great artistic achievements and employ Greece's best artists?

He took money from the Delian League treasury

How did Athens hope to defeat Sparta during the Peloponnesian War?

Athens wanted to use its superior navy to attack Sparta and its allies by sea

What was the most important result of the reign of Alexander the Great?

The spread of Greek culture from the Mediterranean to the Middle East

How did contact with the Minoans affect the development of the Mycenaean civilization?

The Mycenaeans used the Minoan writing system and adapted it to the Greek language

How did geographical features, including mountains and the sea, affect Greek city-states' development?

They developed separately

What was one way that Athens was more democratic than Sparta?

Athens had a true legislature, while Sparta did not

A fortified hilltop in an Ancient Greek city is called a(n):

Acropolis

By 750BC, the Greek citizens organized in a _, a city-state.

Polis

A government controlled by the citizens, either directly or through representatives is known as a:

Democracy

What was the name of the alliance between the city-states that was formed to protect the Greek city-states from invaders that was led by Athens?

The Delian League

Originally, the Roman republic was governed by ___.

A senate consisting of 300 patricians

What is another name for the Eastern Roman Empire?

The Byzantine Empire

What did early Roman law focus on?

Increasing the rights of citizens

Who commanded the army under the Roman Republic?

Consuls

Inflation became a major problem in the Roman Empire during the 3rd century AD because the government had difficulty _.

Maintaining the money supply

What is one reason why Christianity grew?

It gave hope to the powerless

How did Attila the Hun contribute to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire?

By pushing Germanic tribes into Roman lands

Why did Rome fight the Punic Wars?

To control trade along the Mediterranean

The main reason for decline of the Roman republic was ___.

The growing gap between the rich and the poor

Which groups inhabited the Italian Peninsula before the original settlement at Rome was built?

Etruscans, Greeks, Latins

What was the title of the person elected by the senate during wartime for a 6 month period in the early Roman government?

Dictator

As Rome's first emperor, how did Augustus build a stable government?

By creating a civil service to enforce Rome's laws

What is one true thing about the manor system?

The lord provided housing and protection for the serfs

What was a knight's main obligation to the lord?

To serve in battle

In feudal Europe, a person who controlled lands and could therefore grant estates to vassals is known as a:

Lord

What were economic, governmental, and cultural changes caused by German invasions?

Disruption of trade, downfall of cities, and population shifts

What was an expectation of a knight under the code of chivalry?

To protect the weak and the poor

Which of the following helped monasteries increase their economic and political power?

Drawing more members from aristocratic families

In Medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback is known as a:

Knight

A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate is called a:

Serf

An estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe is called a:

Fief

Unlike the Roman society, the Germanic peoples lived in communities that were governed by:

Family ties and traditions

A family's payment of one-tenth of its income to the church is called a:

Tithe

Which of the following is true of social classes in the feudal system of Medieval Europe?

Social class was usually inherited

In Europe in the Middle Ages, most people were __ and could not lawfully leave the place they were born.

Peasants

A lord's estate in feudal Europe is called a:

Manor

What caused Pope Leo III to crown Charlemagne emperor?

Charlemagne crushed an unruly mob that attacked the Pope

In feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services is called a:

Vassal

How was the three-field system different from previous systems of farming?

It allowed more food to be produced

Why was William the Conqueror important in England?

He unified control of the lands and laid the foundation of centralized government

What was the goal of merchant guilds?

To control the number of goods that were traded

What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?

To guarantee basic political rights

What was true of the Church during the Middle Ages?

It unified people with sense of security and belonging

Why would a pope threaten to excommunicate a king?

To wield power over a ruler

What was a problem that troubled the Church during the medieval period?

Many bishops participated in the practice of selling positions in the Church

What was an effect that the plague had on society?

It led to an increase in the number of serfs leaving the manor

How did France change after the Hundred Years' War?

A strong feeling of nationalism began to emerge

Why did people want to take part in the Crusades?

Kings wanted to rid themselves of quarrelsome knights

Why did many people choose to move to medieval towns?

The towns offered new economic and social opportunities

What is true of the Model Parliament?

It was divided into the House of Commons and the House of Lords

What effect did the Great Famine have on society?

It led to people having more weakened immune systems

How did contact with Muslims during the Crusades affect learning in Europe?

It allowed Europeans with the idea to build universities

Why did writing in the vernacular have a major impact on European society?

It increased the number of people who could read and engage in ideas