Dr. José Rizal: Sunny Spain to Exile in Dapitan (1882-1896)

95 vocabulary-style flashcards summarizing key terms, people, places, events, writings, organizations, and scientific contributions in José Rizal’s life from his secret departure for Spain (1882) to his arrest en route to Cuba (1896).

Secret Mission (1882)

Rizal’s covert plan—approved by Paciano—to study European life, culture, and government to prepare for liberating Filipinos from Spanish tyranny.

Paciano Rizal

José Rizal’s elder brother; financed and arranged his secret departure for Spain and later handled Calamba legal matters.

Antonio Rivera

Rizal’s uncle and father of Leonor Rivera; privy to Rizal’s clandestine voyage.

Chengoy (José M. Cecilio)

Close friend who kept Rizal informed of events in the Philippines through detailed letters.

Port Bou

Frontier town where Rizal’s passport was inspected before he entered Spain on 16 June 1882.

Barcelona (first impression)

Initially struck Rizal as disorderly and inhospitable, though the city later charmed him.

Amor Patrio

Rizal’s first essay on Spanish soil (Love of Country), printed in Diariong Tagalog on 20 Aug 1882 under pen-name Laong Laan.

Laong Laan

Rizal’s pen name used for publishing Amor Patrio and later works.

Diariong Tagalog

First bilingual Manila newspaper that published Rizal’s Spanish and Tagalog texts of Amor Patrio.

1882 Cholera Epidemic

Outbreak in Manila and provinces that saddened Rizal while he was in Barcelona.

Advice to Move to Madrid

Paciano’s May 26 1882 letter urging Rizal to finish medicine in Madrid, which he followed in fall 1882.

Consuelo Ortiga y Pérez

Daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga; subject of Rizal’s brief Madrid romance and the poem A la Señorita C.O.Y.P.

A la Señorita C.O.Y.P.

Poem Rizal composed on 22 Aug 1883 praising Consuelo Ortiga y Pérez.

Freemasonry (Acacia Lodge)

Masonic lodge in Madrid Rizal joined in March 1883 to gain support against friar abuses.

Miguel Morayta

Spanish liberal, historian, and Freemason who befriended Rizal; later headed Asociación Hispano-Filipina.

Francisco Pi y Margall

Journalist and former Spanish Republic president; one of the liberal Masons Rizal met.

Manuel Becerra

Spanish Minister for Colonies who mingled with Rizal’s Masonic circle.

Emilio Junoy

Journalist and Cortes member allied with Rizal’s liberal network.

Juan Ruiz Zorrilla

Leader of Spain’s Progressive Republican Party; another Mason admired by Rizal.

Licentiate in Medicine (21 Jun 1884)

Degree conferred on Rizal by Universidad Central de Madrid after completing his medical course.

Licentiate in Philosophy & Letters (19 Jun 1885)

Second Madrid degree earned by Rizal with an ‘Excellent’ rating on his 24th birthday.

Maximo Viola

Bulacan-born physician who became Rizal’s Paris roommate and financier of Noli Me Tangere’s printing.

The Monkey and the Turtle

Series of comic sketches Rizal drew in Paz Pardo de Tavera’s album while in Paris.

Dr. Louis de Weckert

Leading French ophthalmologist under whom Rizal worked as assistant in Paris (1885-1886).

Heidelberg (1886)

German university city where Rizal studied ophthalmology, joined a chess club, and stayed with law students.

Dr. Otto Becker

Renowned Heidelberg eye specialist whose lectures Rizal attended and assisted.

Pastor Karl Ullmer

Protestant clergyman who hosted Rizal at Wilhelmsfeld, fostering his German proficiency.

Tagalische Verskunst

Scholarly paper on Tagalog metrics that Rizal read before Berlin’s Ethnographic Society.

First Asian Member, Berlin Societies

Rizal’s distinction as the initial Asian admitted to Berlin’s Anthropological, Ethnological & Geographical Society.

Feodor Jagor

German scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines, whom Rizal met in Berlin.

Hans Virchow

Anatomist son of Rudolf Virchow; part of Rizal’s Berlin scientific circle.

Ernest Schweigger

Famous German ophthalmologist with whom Rizal trained in Berlin.

First Homecoming (July 1887)

Return to the Philippines to operate on his mother and gauge Noli’s impact; sailed aboard Djemnah.

Calamba Agrarian Trouble

Tenant dispute with Dominican hacienda intensified by Noli revelations; prompted government investigation.

Governor General Emilio Terrero

Philippine governor who ordered inquiry into friar estates after reading Noli Me Tangere.

Steamer Djemnah

French vessel that carried Rizal to Europe (1882) and back to Manila (1887).

Hong Kong Stay (Feb 1888)

Second overseas exile; Rizal lodged at Victoria Hotel and was shadowed by Spanish spy Jose Sainz de Veranda.

Jose Maria Basa

Filipino expatriate in Hong Kong who hosted Rizal and aided reform efforts.

Jose Sainz de Veranda

Spaniard ordered to monitor Rizal’s movements in Hong Kong.

Yokohama Arrival (28 Feb 1888)

Rizal’s first step in Japan; registered at the Grand Hotel.

O-Sei-San (Seiko Usui)

Japanese samurai’s daughter with whom Rizal enjoyed a month-long romance in 1888.

Steamer Belgic

English ship Rizal boarded at Yokohama on 13 Apr 1888 bound for the United States.

Tetchō Suehiro

Japanese writer and fellow passenger on the Belgic; later authored a novel inspired by Rizal.

Palace Hotel (San Francisco)

Luxury hotel where Rizal lodged 4-6 May 1888 after quarantine delays.

Across the American Continent

Rizal’s train journey from Oakland to New York, May 6-13 1888.

Big Town

Rizal’s epithet for New York City, where he stayed 13-16 May 1888.

Statue of Liberty Sight (16 May 1888)

Iconic monument Rizal observed while departing New York Harbor for Liverpool.

Letter to the Young Women of Malolos (1889)

Rizal’s Tagalog epistle lauding Bulacan women for seeking education despite friar opposition.

Annotated Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

Rizal’s critical edition of Antonio de Morga’s 1609 history, produced while living in London.

Reinhold Rost

Librarian who granted Rizal access to the British Museum and admired his Malayan scholarship.

Gertrude Beckett

Eldest Beckett daughter with whom Rizal had a brief London affection.

La Visión del Fray Rodríguez

Pamphlet satirizing friar’s attacks on Noli; written by Rizal in London.

Asociación Hispano-Filipina

Madrid reform society (founded Jan 1889) championing Filipino grievances; Morayta president.

La Solidaridad

Bi-weekly propaganda newspaper launched 15 Feb 1889; Rizal contributed numerous reform articles.

Kidlat Club

Short-lived Paris social group of Filipinos formed by Rizal during the 1889 Exposition.

Indios Bravos

Paris society succeeding Kidlat Club whose members vowed physical and intellectual excellence.

Por Telefono

Satirical booklet (Barcelona, 1889) mocking friar Font, mastermind of Noli’s banning.

Nelly Boustead

Fil-French heiress courted by Rizal in Paris and Biarritz; marriage proposal eventually failed.

Brussels Sojourn (1890)

Rizal moved to Belgian capital to curb Paris expenses and finish El Filibusterismo.

El Filibusterismo

Rizal’s second novel; main chapters drafted in Brussels, completed in Biarritz and Ghent.

La Verdad para Todos

Rizal’s first article in La Solidaridad (May 1889), refuting anti-Filipino slurs.

Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años

Rizal essay predicting revolution against Spain and future U.S. rule over the Philippines.

Calamba Land Case Appeal

Legal fight elevated to Spanish Cortes; Rizal went to Madrid mid-1890 to supervise.

Suzanne Jacoby

Brussels landlady’s niece who fell in love with Rizal; lamented his July 1890 departure.

Wenceslao Retana Duel Challenge

Rizal demanded satisfaction from journalist Retana over defamatory Calamba rent article.

Leonor Rivera’s Infidelity

Heart-breaking 1890 letter announcing her engagement to English engineer Henry Kipping.

Rizalistas vs. Pilaristas

Factional split in Madrid Filipino community over leadership of reform movement.

Villa Eliada, Biarritz

Boustead residence where Rizal finished El Fili and sought solace after Madrid disputes.

Reasons for Hong Kong Move (1891)

Escape Manila politics, start fresh propaganda base, and be nearer family and homeland.

No. 5 D’Aguilar Street Clinic

Rizal’s Hong Kong residence and lucrative ophthalmic practice (1891-1892).

Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez

Portuguese physician who helped Rizal attract many patients in Hong Kong.

Borneo Colonization Project

Rizal’s plan to resettle landless Calambeños on British North Borneo’s Bengkoka River basin.

British North Borneo Company Offer

Grant of 100,000 acres for 999 years, a harbor, and self-government to Filipino settlers.

Governor General Eulogio Despujol

Philippine governor whom Rizal petitioned about Borneo project and later ordered his deportation.

Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao

Tagalog translation of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man, printed in Hong Kong.

Constitution of La Liga Filipina

Document drafted by Rizal outlining aims of unity, mutual protection, education, and reform.

Aims of La Liga Filipina

Unify archipelago, defend against injustice, promote instruction, agriculture, commerce, and study reforms.

Pobres Frailes Handbill

Anti-friar leaflet found in Lucia’s luggage; used as evidence to arrest and exile Rizal.

Deportation to Dapitan (7 Jul 1892)

Rizal arrested four days after founding La Liga Filipina and banished without trial.

Ricardo Carnicero

Politico-military commander of Dapitan who hosted Rizal before his self-built estate.

Father Obach’s Conditions

Priest demanded Rizal’s public retraction and confession as prerequisite to stay in mission house, which Rizal rejected.

Debate with Father Pastells

Epistolary exchange in Dapitan over faith and reason, revealing Rizal’s liberal, Masonic views.

Dapitan Waterworks

Gravity-fed system engineered by Rizal to supply the town with potable water.

Coconut-Oil Street Lighting

Public lighting system Rizal funded with ₱500 earned from treating English patient Ignacio Tumarong.

Talisay School

Informal academy in Rizal’s Dapitan estate where he taught boys academics, crafts, and gymnastics.

Himno a Talisay

Poem Rizal wrote for his pupils honoring the tree under which classes met.

Draco rizali

Flying lizard species discovered by Rizal in Dapitan, named in his honor.

Apogonia rizali

Small beetle identified by Rizal and catalogued by European scientists.

Rhacophorus rizali

Rare frog species collected by Rizal and sent to European museums.

Josephine Bracken

Irish ward of Mr. Taufer; became Rizal’s common-law wife in Dapitan and mother of his short-lived son.

Francisco Rizal Jr.

Premature son of José Rizal and Josephine Bracken who lived only three hours.

Dr. Pío Valenzuela Mission

Katipunan envoy who consulted Rizal in Dapitan about launching a revolution.

Rizal’s Objection to Revolution

Belief that Filipinos lacked arms and readiness; urged preparation before open revolt.

Volunteer Doctor in Cuba

Service Rizal offered to treat yellow-fever victims; Governor Blanco approved, ending his Dapitan exile.

Steamer España

Ship that carried Rizal from Dapitan to Manila, 31 July 1896, en route to Cuba.

Cry of Balintawak (26 Aug 1896)

Bonifacio’s uprising that ignited the Philippine Revolution while Rizal was at sea.

Arrest aboard Isla de Panay (30 Sep 1896)

Captain Alemany detained Rizal on orders from Manila as the ship crossed the Mediterranean.

Montjuich Fortress

Barcelona prison where Rizal was briefly jailed before being sent back to Manila on the steamer Colón.

Steamer Colón

Vessel that transported Rizal from Barcelona to Manila to face trial and eventual execution.