AP World Vocab and Dynasty Location Warnke Review.

Chinese dynasty (960 - 1279 CE) that could be considered their "golden age" when China saw many important inventions. There was a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with India and Persia; paper money, gun powder

Song Dynasty

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.

Confucianism

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

Filial Piety

The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief.

Neo-Confucianism

the oldest of the two major branches of Buddhism. Practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia, its beliefs are relatively conservative, holding close to the original teachings of the Buddha

Theravada Buddhism

"Great Vehicle" branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for Bodhisattva, enlightened persons who have postponed Nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. It was a more "user friendly" Buddhism that developed as Buddhism spread into East and Southeast Asia.

Mahayana Buddhism

a Buddhist doctrine that includes elements from India that are not Buddhist and elements of preexisting shamanism, a tradition of Buddhism that teaches that people can use special techniques to harness spiritual energy and can achieve nirvana in a single lifetime

Tibetan Buddhism

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season; led to increased populations in Song Dynasty China. Originally introduced into Vietnam from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.)

Champa Rice

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway in China linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Dynasty.

Grand Canal

Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency

Flying Money

Turkic empire ruled by sultans in Persia and modern-day Iraq (11th and 12th centuries); Established Turks as major ethnic group carrying Islam across Eurasia, along with Arabs and Persians; Demonstrated weakness of Abbasid caliphate in its later years; sultans held real power in the empire; Helped to spread the influence of Islam throughout the region

Seljuk Empire

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.

Delhi Sultanate

(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Muslim could be a part of.

Abbasid Caliphate

Large Islamic-based Library and learning center. Focus of conversion of Greek and Roman classics and Indian learning into Arabic. Preserved knowledge.

House of Wisdom in Baghdad

An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.

Bhakti Movement

An Islamic mystical tradition that desired a personal union with God--divine love through intuition rather than through rational deduction and study of the Shari'a. Followed an ascetic routine (denial of physical desire to gain a spiritual goal), dedicating themselves to fasting, prayer, meditation on the Qur'an, and the avoidance of sin.

Sufism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Feudalism

a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he or she owes allegiance

Vassal

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on their lord's estate.

Serf

Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land; the economic side of feudalism

Manorialism

Classical culture in Southern Mexico and Central America; contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendar system, mathematical system

Maya city-states

government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability; used in China via the Civil Service Exam

Meritocracy

The unification or blending of opposing people, ideas, or practices, frequently in the realm of religion. For example, when Christianity or Buddhism was adopted by people in a new land, they often incorporate it into their existing culture and traditions.

Syncretism

economic system in Inca society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced; men and women were expected to contribute this labor to the state yearly

Mita System

Floating gardens constructed along lake shores by the Mexica/Aztecs to increase agricultural yields.

Chinampas

A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. Restores nutrients to the soil to improve crop yields. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.

three-field system

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule; ultimately spread culture and increased trade but were not successful

Crusades

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome; began in Florence, Italy and spread throughout Europe

Renaissance

in 1054, divided medieval Christianity into (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Relations between East and West had long been embittered by political and ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes.

Great Schism

Any labor system that involves force (slavery, chattel slavery, serfdom, and indentured labor)

coercive labor

land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service

Fief

system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other luxury trade goods; known for spreading religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam as well as technological transfers (gunpowder, paper, the compass from China to the West) and diseases like the Bubonic plague

Silk Roads

connected Africa, South Asia (India), Southeast Asia and China.; world's' richest maritime trading network in the 13th and 14th centuries - spread of goods, technology (compass, rudder, astrolabe), and religions like Islam and Buddhism

Indian Ocean trade

trade routes across the Sahara Desert; traded gold, enslaved peoples, ivory and salt; camels, camel caravans, and camel saddles were crucial in the development of these trade networks; facilitated the spread of Islam and linked West Africa to Mecca for participation in the hajj

trans-Saharan trade

Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north; use spread through trade networks like Silk Roads and Indian Ocean trade

magnetic compass

steering device, usually a vertical blade attached to a post at, or near, the stern of the boat; improved sea trade

rudder

large flat-bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel and participation in the tribute system

junk ship

a central Asian city where the western and the eastern Silk Roads met; one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with modern day Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan.

Kashgar

During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential capital city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs; a key trading city along the Silk Roads

Samarkand

legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins; facilitated trade

paper money

an inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa; allowed caravans and their camels to rest in a protected environment, encouraging trade

caravanserai

thin, beautiful pottery invented in China; highly desired luxury good traded along the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade networks

porcelain

seasonal wind in India, the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain

monsoon winds

Europeans' name for the Moluccas, islands in Southeast Asia rich in highly desired spices like cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg which were often traded in the Indian Ocean trade network

Spice Islands

A dispersion of people from their homeland; merchant communities of Muslim spread Islam throughout Southeast Asia

diaspora

Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design; facilitated trade in the Indian Ocean networks

dhow ships

An invention which gives camel riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route. Invented somewhere between 500 and 100 BCE by Bedouin tribes.

camel saddle

group of traveling merchants and animals; facilitated trade along the Silk Roads and Trans-Saharan trade networks

caravan

The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire - provided the stability and safety necessary for Silk Road trade to thrive leading to spread of goods, ideas, technology, and disease along the Silk Roads during the 13th century.

Pax Mongolica

aka Black Death; the deadly disease that spread through Asia and Europe and killed more than a third of the population in some areas; hit Europe (peak 1347-1351) especially hard due to unsanitary living conditions and overcrowded cities; spread thanks to increased trade along the Silk Roads

Bubonic Plague

Invented in China during the 9th century, this substance was became the dominant military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century; spread from East to West via trade networks like the Silk Roads and help from the Mongol Empire

gunpowder

(1304-1369) Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period.

Ibn Battuta

(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.

Marco Polo

Cities along the coast of East Africa that actively participated in Indian Ocean trade: showed syncretism in their language and religion, blending traditional central African beliefs with Islam and Arabic

Swahili city-states

(1371-1433?) Chinese Ming Dynasty naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death; facilitated China's role in the tribute system in the Indian Ocean trade network

Zheng He

What is #1?

North America

What is Number 2

Latin America

What is Number 3

East Africa

What is Number 4

Southern Africa

What is Number 5

Meso-america

What is Number 6

Carribean

What is number 7

West Africa

Number 8 Region

Centeral Africa

9

North Africa

10

Middle East

11

Europe

12

Central Asia

13

East Asia

14

South Asia

15

Southeast Asia

16

Oceania

Where were the byzantine located

11,10,9( Europe, Middle East, North Africa)

Incan Empire?

6(Latin America)

Where was the islamic calihpates located

14(South Asia)

Where were the italian city states located?

11 (Europe)

Japan

13(East Asia)

Mongolian Empire

12 and 13 (Centeral and East Asia)

Where is Polynisia Located

16(Ocenia)

Swhali City States are in?

3(East Africa)

Where is Song/Tong/Sui Dynasty Located?

1(East Asia)

Where were the toltecs located

5(Meso-America)