Biomolecules Test Study

matter

takes up space

atoms

smallest unit of matter

molecules

atoms bond together

biomolecules/macromolecules definition

molecules essential to life

biomolecules are

large complex molecules; carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

atoms in biomolecules

CHONPS

structure determines ______________

function

atoms present in all biomolecules

CHO

difference between biomolecules

structure, arrangement

benedict test for

monosaccharides

benedict pos

orange

lugol test for

polysaccharides

lugol test solution

iodine

lugol pos

dark purple

sudan red/brown paper bag test for

lipids

sudan red pos gizmo

spots of color

brown paper test pos real

oil

biuret test for

proteins

biuret pos

purple

carb structure

ring

monosaccharides build _______________

polysaccharides

carbs function

store short-term energy, easily broken down

carbs atoms

CHO

carb mono

glucose; simple sugar

carb disaccharide

table sugar; simple sugar

carb polys

starch, glycogen, fiber; complex sugars

starch

plants make to store excess glucose

glycogen

animals make to store excess glucose

starch and glycogen are similar

similar branching out structure = similar function

fiber

cleans stomach = better absorption

fiber structure

long straight chain of glucose, cannot break down easily bc its condensed

ratio of carbs molecular formula

1-2-1, or close to it

organic compounds def

carbon-based; biomolecules, creates structure and function of body

lipid structure

long chain carbon backbone

biomolecule with most energy

lipid bc it has the most c-c bonds; bonds create energy, not atoms

fatty acids build ________

fats and phospholipids

lipid function

store long term energy; hard to break down

lipids atoms

CHO

lipid monomer

fatty acids

lipid polymers

fats, phospholipids

phospholipids

builds cell membrane, 2 fatty acids

fats

3 fatty acids; triglyceride

saturated fat

animals make; saturated with H, straight structure

unsaturated fat

plants make; easier to digest bc structure bends, has double carbon bond

trans fat

straightens unsat fat double bonds, much harder to digest, from processed foods to stay longer

dominant element attached to carbon backbone

H

number of bonds carbon has

4

hydrocarbon

h and c chain, lipid

lipids have lots of ____

c and h, not a lot of o

more energy released than absorbed

source of energy, lipid

in chemical reactions, bonds continually

break and reform

break a bond

absorbed energy

form a bond

released energy

protein structure

ribbon folded on itself, complex; even slight change in structure results in varied function

amino acids build _______

proteins

protein function

body functions, gives structure to cells

protein monomer

amino acids

amino acids

straight structure, important

protein polymer

protein

protein structure steps

amino acid-helix-bend-blob

protein atoms

CHONPS

at the bends of structure there is

c

central carbon atoms w four different components around it

amino acid

structure of diff amino acids

everything same, only variable r side chain changes

parts of amino acid structure

amine group, carboxylic acid group, variable r side chain