Lesson 3: What Computers Do on the Internet

servers

Computers do different jobs on the internet. Some computers work like electronic filing cabinets that store information and send it when clients request so. These are called _______.

server

A ______ is a computer that is designed to process any requests for data and delivers data to other client computers over a local network or the internet.

client

A ______ is a computer or device that gets information from a server.

Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)

A computer that holds the user accounts, computer accounts, organizational units, and application services is called the ______________-

Active Directory Domain Services

AD DS meaning

domain name system (DNS) server

Another machine that helps the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server is a server that configures IPv4 and IPv6 addresses specifically in giving names to each IP address up to its root recognition which is called __________________

domain name system

DNS meaning

file server

Another machine that holds and manages documents is known as the ____________

Web Server II

one that holds users' mail services and Web services is referred to as ______________________

print server

A device that connects printers to client computers through the internet is called a ________ _________-

print server

It accepts print jobs from the computers, queues these jobs, and sends them to the appropriate printers.

router

Besides clients and servers, the internet is made up of a hardware device designed to receive, analyze, and send incoming packets to another network. This is called _______

router

The ______ can be compared to a simple mailbox placed at the corner of a street and which represents your single point of entry to the worldwide network.

World Wide Web (WWW)

is referred to as the collection of public websites that are connected to the internet worldwide, together with the client computers which include personal computers, laptops, iPads, and cellular phones that access its content

World Wide Web (WWW)

is considered to be one of the applications in the internet and computer networks

• Hypertext markup language (HTML)

• Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

• Web servers and web browsers

WWW is based on these three fundamental technologies that are said to be part of the WWW development:

Hypertext markup language (HTML)

is a standard markup language used for creating web pages

Hypertext markup language (HTML)

is classified as the set of markup symbols or codes appended in a file intended for presentation on a World Wide Web browser page

Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

is classified as the set of standards allowing users of the World Wide Web to interchange information seen on web pages

Port 80

is the standard port for HTTP connections

Web servers and web browsers

is a software application for recovering, presenting, and navigating information resources on the World Wide Web.

• Microsoft Edge

• Google Chrome

• Internet Explorer

• Mozilla Firefox

• Safari

There are different browser applications that are currently used in the WWW such as:

• connection

• request

• response

• close

basic stages on how the way the Web works

connect

The first stage is where many users access the browsers such as Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Mozilla Firefox (some of the most used browsers) to ________ to the Web server.

uniform resource locators (URLs)

One of the most important terms to know is the ____________ which is sorted as the internet address.

uniform resource locators

URL meaning

uniform resource locators (URLs)

contains four parts, namely the protocol identifier which indicates the protocol to use, the domain name which specifies the IP address where the resource is located, the path, and the file name

Chrome

is the most used web browser with (60.6% share)

web administrator

A website is maintained by its owner, called a ________. The owner can modify the website content as well as add new information in it.

subject directories and search engines

There are two mainly managed search tools that people use in locating information on the web:

Subject directories

are developed and maintained by human editors and not by electronic spiders or robots that are used to fetch web pages automatically

search engine

uses small programs called spiders or bots (like Googlebot, Yahoo Slurp, and MSNbot) that polish the internet, follow links, and return information to the search engine's indicator

Googlebot, Yahoo Sharp, and MSNbot

examples of spiders or bots

spiders or bots

small programs that polish the internet, follow links, and return information to the search engine’s indicator

• Using specific words and placing the most important terms first in the search text or phrase

• Using quotation marks to create exact phrases-this helps the search engine find what it is looking for by using the exact sequence of words

• Listing all possible spellings, for example, organization and organisation

There are several techniques that can be used to improve web searches such as:

Google

one of the most popular search engines

1. Use quotes to search for an exact phrase

2. Use an asterisk within quotes to specify unknown or variable words

3. Use the minus sign to eliminate results containing certain words

4. Search websites for keywords

5. Compare using”vs”

6. Use “DEFINE:” to search for the meaning of words—slang included

7. Search images using images

most useful Google search tricks released in 2016:

double-quotes (")

By typing in ___________ at the start and end for a certain word or phrase, Google will provide the exact word or phrasing you need.

asterisk (*)

Use an ______ within quotes to specify unknown or variable words the ___________ will provide possibilities. It is helpful, for example, if you are trying to determine a song from its lyrics, but you forgot some of he words or if you are trying to complete a sentence, but could not remember what it was

minus sign (-)

eliminates results of certain words, type it prior to the word you do not want to include in the search

colon symbol (:)

You can specify certain content, format, or files you want Google search to provide. For instance, if you want to specifically search for PDF files regarding a certain topic, simply type the keyword PDF followed by a ____________ and the topic you are searching for.

"vs" or "versus"

By using the ___________ between two words you want to compare, Google will provide an in-depth analysis of the two words, such as pointing out similarities and differences.

"DEFINE:"

keyword provides a dictionary definition of a word. Also, you will be able to see etymology and a graph of its use over time.

images

Using your mobile device's camera, you can search for _______ online by going to Google Images, activating your camera phone and taking a picture of the image you are searching for. Google will provide you with similar images on the web.

• protocol identifier

• domain name

• path

• file name

four parts of a URL

protocol identifier

indicates the protocol to use

domain name

which specifies the IP address where the resource is located