MIP 302 Final

What are the viral characteristics typically associated with nonliving substances?

Viruses are inert unless they are inside a living host cell and they are acellular, composes of nucleic acids enclosed in a protein shell

What are the viral characteristics typically associated with living substances?

Viruses produce virions inside a living host cell, they possess genetic material that is passed down, and they are infectious agents that can be transmitted between hosts

What are the five general steps of bacteriophage replication?

Attachment, penetration, synthesis using host machinery, assembly, and release

What is the difference between phage replication and animal virus replication?

phages inject only their genetic material while leaving the protein coat outside, whereas other viruses often bring the whole particle inside the host

Why can we say that each plaque is the result of infection from one phage?

phages cannot disperse through the TSA due to its solid nature so we assume that released virions can only travel to cells immediately adjacent to the cell it was lysed from

What equation is used to determine the number of phage in the original sample, diluted sample, or dilution used?

the number of phage in 1ml of diluted sample= number of phage/ml in og sample x dilution x volume used

What five aspects of the Kirby-Bauer test that are standardized?

The inoculum using spectrophotography or comparison to McFarland standards, Mueller-Hinton agar, antibiotic, incubation, and interpretation

What cell density is a 0.5 McFarland standard?

1.5×10^8 cells/ml

What can affect the efficacy of antimicrobial agents?

population size, population composition, concentration of the antimicrobial agent, contact time, temperature, local environment, and presence of organics