A&P Lab 2 Terms List (Unit 4)

simple squamous: description

single layer of cells flat irreg

simple squamous: location and function

lung aveoli, serous membranes, blood vessel lining

filtration and diffussion

Simple cuboidal desc

Single layer Cube-shaped cells

simple cubodial location and function

Ducts of glands Kidney tubules

Secretion &Absorption

simple columnar desc

single layer column

simple columnar location and func

intestinal lining

secretion and absorption

stratified squamous

Multiple layers Flat, irregular cells

stratified squamous location and func

Skin (keratinized) Mouth (non-keratinized)

Protection

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL desc

Multiple layers Cube-shaped cells

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL location and func

Ducts of glands sweat and salivary and exocrine glands (rare)

Protection & Secretion

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR desc

Multiple layers Column-shaped cells

stratified columnar location and func

Salivary glands (rare) Protection

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR desc

Single layer, look stratified Column-shaped cells

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR location and func

Respiratory lining

Protection Secretion Ciliated: move fluid

TRANSITIONAL epithelium desc

Multiple layers Cuboidal/columnar cells

TRANSITIONAL epithelium location and func

Bladder Ureters

Stretches

Connective tissue

supportive tissue that gives structure to other cells

areolar

gel liek padding that binds organs and supports epithelial

aerolar location and func

Wraps & cushions organs Defends against pathogens

adipose desc

padding and cushioning adipocytes

adipose loc and func

Insulates & cushions Stores energy

buttocks, visceral fat,a dn surrounds organs

dense regular

btw skeltal muscles and bones in stabalizing positions parallel arrangement

avascular

dense regular function

provides firm attachment, conducts pull of muscle and reduces friction

dense irregular connective tissue

capsules of viseral organs nerves and muscle sheaths and dermis

dense irreg ct func

provide strength to resist force and prevent over expansion

hylaine cartilage

between tips of ribs and bone of sternum, covering bione surfaces and synovial joints

hylaine cartilage func

provide stiff and flexible support to reduce friction between cells

fibrocartilage

pads btw the knee and joint between pubic bones and pelvis, interveterbral discs

fibrocartilage func

resist compression, prevents bone to bone contact

elastic cartilage

auricle of external ear, epiglottis, auditory canal, cuneiform, cartilage of larynx

elastic cartilage func

provides support, tolerates support without dmaage and returns to OG shape

integumentary system

refers to skin the largest organ

dense elastic ct

stretchy elastin proteins found in arteries and vocal cords

dense elastic ct func

provides stretch and resilience

goblet cells

make mucus to trap substances

Epidermis layers

stratum corneum

stratum lucideum

statum granulosum

stratum spinosum

stratum basale

stratum corneum

below surface, thickest layer

stratum lucidium

below coreum, thick skin only

stratum granosolum

below lucidumm

stratum spinosum

below granosulum, spiky

stratum basale

deepest layer, produces new skin cells and takes old ones away

keratin

ONLY FOUND IN SKIN a tough, protective structural protein that makes up your hair, nails, and the outer layer of your skin

epidermis

most outerlayer of skin

dermis

consists of two main layers:upper papilary dermis and deeper reticular dermis

papillary layer

layer is thin and topmost layer of dermis, inc surface aera and provide nutrients

Subpapillary Vascular Plexus

network of small blood vessels along boundary of papillary layer and deep reticular layer

deep reticular layer

, is the thickest and deepest layer of the dermis, sitting right between the upper papillary layer and the subcutaneous fat layer (hypodermis).

hypodermis

deepest layer of your skin that stores fat, insulates body, connects skin to underlying muscles

LEC: interstitial growht and appositional growth

how cartilage grows from within

and at the surface

LEC chondrocytes

cells to rebuild cartilage

LEC ostocytes

rebuilds bone cells

Merocrine (Eccrine) Glands

LEC: Most abundant.
• Product released through exocytosis, e.g. mucus
secretion in Respiratory and Digestive System.
• In skin widely distributed and produce watery
perspiration.

Apocrine Glands

LEC: least numerous. involve the
loss of cytoplasm as the secretory product.
• e.g milk production/mammary glands

LEC: Holocrine (Sebaceous) Glands

the cell
becomes packed with secretory product and bursts
this destroys the gland cells e.g. sebaceous
glands/oily secretion

LEC: Matrix

Composed of a ground substance. This is a non-living
matrix that the cells and fibers are distributed within.
The ground substance consistency changes within each
classification

fibroblasts

are cells that are present in all types of
connective tissues and provide a framework to these
tissues by keeping the ground substance viscous (thick and sticky)

reticular layer

thick, deep bottom layer of the dermis that provides strength, structural integrity, and elasticity to the skin

Cutaneous Vascular Plexus

interconnected networks of blood vessels that supplies nutrients, removes wastes, and controls body temp

Free Nerve Ending

unspecialized, bare sensory nerve fibers that detect pain, temperature, itch, and touch

Arrector Pili Muscle

a tiny smooth muscle in your skin that connects a hair follicle to the outer layer of tissue.

Sebaceous glands

microscopic oil-producing glands in the skin that secrete an oily substance called sebum

Lamellar (Pacinian) Corpuscle

a specialized sensory nerve ending in the skin and deep tissues that detects deep pressure and high-frequency vibrations

Hair follicles

surrounds hair root and is a tunnel shaped mini organ

LEC merfan syndrom

Its an inherited condition that is caused by an
abnormal weak form of fibrillin

Deficiency leads to widespread problems since
most organs contain connective tissue.
• Most commonly affected are the heart and blood
vessels, (aneurysm)