OCC452 - Research Methodology Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and terms related to research methodology in OCC452.

A __ cohort study involves following a group of people through time.

prospective

The __ is the group of people whose results can be generalized to the larger population.

population

The __ size is represented as n=? in a study.

sample

__ calculation is used to determine the sample size needed for detecting an effect.

Power

__ is a fraction out of a total, a number between 0 and 1.

Proportion

__ refers to a proportion multiplied by 100, expressed as a percentage.

Percentage

__ measures the internal consistency of a scale, with values of 0.7 or higher indicating acceptable consistency.

Cronbach’s alpha

The __ is an inferential statistic used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups.

T-Test

A __ t-test examines whether the mean of a population is statistically different from a known value.

One Sample

The __ t-test compares the means of two independent groups to determine statistical significance.

Independent samples

The __ t-test compares measurements taken from the same individual at different times.

Paired samples

The __ is the average of all the numbers, calculated by dividing the total sum by the number of values.

Mean

The __ is the middle number when the values are in order, with half larger and half smaller.

Median

The __ is the most common number in a data set.

Mode

The __ is calculated as the largest number minus the smallest number.

Range

__ are observations that are ‘unusual’ compared to the rest of the data.

Outliers

The __ variable is the response variable that changes due to the independent variable.

Dependent

The __ variable is the factor that is changed or controlled in an experiment.

Independent

__ bias occurs when individuals or groups are improperly chosen to participate in a study.

Selection Bias

__ bias arises from differences in how participants are allocated to treatment groups in a clinical trial.

Allocation Bias

The __ effect occurs when participants change their behavior because they are aware they are being observed.

Hawthorne

__ variables have values describing a measurable quantity, such as 'how many' or 'how much'.

Numeric

__ data have a countable number of distinct whole possible values.

Discrete

__ data allow observations to take any value within a range.

Continuous

__ validity is how well a test measures the concept it was designed to evaluate.

Construct

The __ hypothesis states there is no difference between groups or no relationship between variables.

Null

A __ interval is an interval likely to contain the unknown value of a parameter.

Confidence