Modern States Biology CLEP Study Guide

Chromosomes are located in a nucleus in which of the following?

I. Viruses

II. Prokaryotes

III. Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

Meiosis of a diploid cell results in

4 Haploid cells

Neurotransmitters contained in vesicles enter the synapse through

Exocytosis

Which of the following pairs of organisms have the closest evolutionary relationship?

I. Bacillus thuringiensis

II. Telmatobius peruvianus

III. Bacillus cereus

IV. Cereus peruvianus

V. Mesoplodon peruvianus

Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus

Which of the following best describes the primary function of chlorophyll in an organism?

it absorbs light energy to power oxygen production

A disease of the adrenal glands will most likely affect which of the following processes?

osmoregulation

Which of the following kinds of organisms are best adapted to habitats that are frequently subject to unpredictable and severe environmental fluctuations?

r-selected organisms

What type of bond joins oxygen to hydrogen within a single water molecule?

polar covalent bond

The smallest unit of matter that has the properties of a particular element is a/n

atom

A carbohydrate monomer is called a/n

monosaccharide

Which of the following RNA sequences would bond to this DNA strand: AATAG?

UUAUC

What part of a cell membrane is fluid and can move from side to side past other components of the membrane?

proteins and lipids

An enzyme-substrate complex is composed of which of the following?

I. enzyme

II. substrate

III. coenzyme enzyme and substrate

​​If a cell is hypotonic in relation to its environment. Will this cell gain or lose water?

lose water

Which statement is true about a cell's cytoskeleton?

microtubules are the largest of the 3 types of fibers; intermediate filaments are stable and durable; microfilaments support cellular projections like villi; microtubules grow from the centrosome

What do the light reactions produce that is used in the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

If chlorophyll looks green which wavelengths of light does it reflect?

Green

During what phase of mitosis does chromatin condense into chromosomes?

prophase

What is meant by "redundancy" in gene expression?

each amino acid can have more than one codon

A virus can transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another through which process?

transduction

A covalent bond occurs when...

two atoms share an electron

Which of the properties of water allow life to exist in a lake when the temperature is below freezing?

Solid is less dense than liquid

Water and minerals enter a plant through which of the following?

Roots

Which of the following is the primary function of phloem?

Sugar transport

The sporophyte generation produces

spores via meiosis

Which hormone is produced mostly in plant shoot tips and causes shoot elongation?

Auxin

Which of the following are hollow?

I. zygote

II. morula

III. blastula

Blastula

If the allele for white flowers (W) is completely dominant over the allele for red flowers (w) what phenotype would you expect for a plant with a 'ww' genotype?

red

Nitrogen-containing waste products are excreted as the result of the metabolism of which of the following?

Proteins

Considering the role of mitochondria in cells mitochondria would likely be most abundant in which of the following?

cells of the heart muscle

Which of the following membranes is correctly matched to its function?

dura mater .. brain protection

A diet with insufficient iodine will most likely lead to which of the following symptoms in an individual?

decreased metabolic rate

Which part of a flower develops into fruit?

ovary

Which substance is NOT a potentially major sources of energy for the human body?

vitamins

Of the following- which is an example of a mutualistic relationship?

the protozoan Trichonympha digesting wood in the gut of a termite

Deposits of coal in Greenland and the Antarctic indicate that

these regions were once thickly vegetated

If poorly drained soils encourage the growth of bacteria that convert nitrate to nitrogen the effect on higher plants will be to

decrease protein production

Which of the following statements about imprinting is NOT true?

the behavior pattern associated with imprinting is the result of reward or punishment

Mistletoe is attached to the branches of trees such as sweet gum from which it obtains water and some nutrients. Due to this association,tree growth may be diminished. Which of the following terms describes the relationship between the two plants?

parasitism

Which of the following best explains why a pictorial presentation of the biomass at each trophic level of an ecosystem is a pyramid?

the amount of energy passed from one trophic level to the next

Excess sewage can lead to the death of aquatic animals in a lake because sewage pollution promotes.

oxygen depletion

The forelimbs of horses and frogs are considered to be homologous structures. The best evidence for this homology is that the forelimbs have

a common embryological origin

A katydid is an insect. Its leaf-like appearance is an example of

cryptic coloration

Which of the following biomes typically has the greatest annual precipitation?

tropical rain forest

Plants that live in the tundra are likely to have which of the following adaptations?

shallow root systems

A species of malaria-carrying mosquito lives in a forest in which two species of monkeys - A and B - coexist. Species A is immune to malaria but species B is not. The malaria-carrying mosquito is the chief food for a particular kind of bird in the forest. If all of these birds are eliminated suddenly which of the following would be the immediate observable consequence?

increased mortality in monkey species B

In which of the following ways do social insects benefit most from having several types or castes within the species?

The specialized structure of each caste permits division of labor and greater efficiency

The greatest diversity of structure and of methods of locomotion is exhibited in the individuals of

phylum

Evidence that multicellular green plants may have evolved from green algae is best supported by the fact that in both

chlorophylls a and b are photosynthetic pigments

All of the following statements concerning the light-capturing reactions of photosynthesis are true EXCEPT

If captured some of the energy of the excited electrons is used to split carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen

Which of the following statements best explains the hypothesis that the development of sexual reproduction has resulted in acceleration of the rate of evolution?

Sexual reproduction is more likely to result in genetic recombination than is asexual reproduction.

A frog skeletal muscle contracts in response to an electrical stimulus. Increase of the stimulus intensity by 50 percent will increase the strength of response nearly 50 percent. If the intensity is again increased 50 percent

the response will increase only about another 25 percent. Further increase in the stimulus intensity produces no further increase in response. The observations above are best explained by which of the following?, The fibers of a muscle have varying correct thresholds for response

Thirst and loss of weight and sugar in the urine result from the undersecretion of a hormone by which of the following glands?

Pancreas

Considering the role of mitochondria in cells- mitochondria would likely be most abundant in which of the following?

Cells of the heart muscle

Which statement is NOT true?

Enzymes can function only within living cells

Which of the following is critical in limiting the size to which an animal cell may grow?

The ratio of cell surface to cell volume

Which of the following best describes the effect on heart action of the stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve fibers of the vagus nerve?

There is a decrease in the heartbeat rate

If poorly drained soils encourage the growth of bacteria that convert nitrate to nitrogen- the effect on higher plants will be to

decrease protein production

A patient is placed on a restricted diet of water and pure cooked starch and olive oil and adequate minerals and vitamins. If a urinalysis several weeks later reveals the presence of relatively normal amounts of urea- the urea probably came from the

deamination of cellular proteins

The codon for a particular amino acid is 5'CAU3'. The DNA sequence that complements this codon is

3'GTA5'

Viral DNA would be most likely to contain genes that code for

viral-coat protein

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport system?

O2

In a eukaryotic cell glycolysis occurs in which of the following parts of the cell?

Cytosol

The clotting process in blood is initiated by

platelets

Which of the following statements best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Radiant energy is converted into chemical energy in plant photosynthesis and then released as heat energy during cellular respiration.

Which of the following elements is correctly linked to its role in a living organism?

Carbon .. component of lipids

Mistletoe is attached to the branches of trees from which it obtains water and some nutrients. Due to this association tree growth may be diminished. Which of the following terms describes the relationship between the two plants?

Parasitism

AMP is which type of molecule?

A nucleotide

Which of the following is generally true about bacterial viruses?

They inject their nucleic acids into the cells that they infect.

A typical photosynthetic eukaryotic cell contains which of the following?

I. Ribosomes

II. Chloroplasts

III. Mitochondria

Ribosomes, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria

Which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related?

Canis latrans and Canis lupus

Which of the following is an example of a testcross?

A?x aa

The process by which a zygote is formed is known as

Fertilization

The process by which the nuclei of somatic(body) cells divide is known as

Mitosis

The process by which haploid cells are formed from diploid cells is known as

Meiosis

Birds are most closely related to which class?

Reptiles

Which class includes animals that have a moist skin as the primary organ for gas exchange in the adults?

Amphibians

Which class includes whales?

Mammals

Members of which class produce milk for their young in specialized skin glands?

Mammals

Which class includes snakes?

Reptiles

Carbon dioxide is produced by

A mesophyll cell in a flowering plant during the night; A muscle cell in a mammalian heart during contraction; A yeast cell growing under anaerobic conditions

Which of the following is a function of ATP?

It transports energy.

Protein synthesis is the main function of which of the following structures?

Ribosome

Restriction enzymes cut samples of DNA into fragments by first

binding to specific sequences of nucleotides

Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its function?

Nephron .. filtration

The aerobic cellular respiration of glucose is different from the simple burning of glucose in that the aerobic respiration of glucose

occurs at a lower temperature

A given trait occurs in two alternative types (M and m) in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If 49 percent of the population has only type M alleles what percentage of the population is expected to be heterozygous for the trait?

42%

Which of the following types of plant cells is dead at functional maturity?

Xylem vessel element

In a particular plant species the allele for tall plants is dominant and the allele for dwarfing is recessive. Which of the following is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring from a cross between a heterozygous plant and a dwarf plant?

1:1

Which of the following best describes the decomposers in an ecological community?

They are heterotrophic.

The nearly universal nature of the genetic code supports the view that

all living organisms on Earth share a common ancestor

A population of mice in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will exhibit which of the following conditions?

random mating

In a particular mammal the egg has a haploid number of 8. How many chromosomes are in the somatic cells of that organism?

16

A new organism is found with the following characteristics:

• A terrestrial lifestyle

• A segmented exoskeleton

• Wings

The new organism is most likely a member of which of the following phyla?

Arthropoda

When a protein is heated which of the following will most likely be disrupted?

The tertiary structure

In some horses the coat is a mixture of red and white hairs called roan. Roan horses have one white-haired parent and one red-haired parent. This exhibits which of the following inheritance patterns?

Codominance

A population of crayfish exhibits wide variation in body size (which is a heritable trait). A species of fish that preys on crayfish has been introduced to the population but the fish can only eat small crayfish. Which of the following is a likely prediction about the population of crayfish in the presence of the predator?

The population will have a larger average body size owing to directional selection.

Which of the following are producers in an aquatic food chain?

algae

Which of the following gives the correct sequence of events in the synthesis of a protein molecule?

DNA; mRNA; tRNA; formation of polypeptide

Evolution in action is seen in the case of the English peppered moth (Biston betularia). The proportion of melanic forms in the population (once increasing in areas of heavy soot pollution) is now decreasing. The most probable explanation of this is which of the following?

Selection pressure has been reversed because of environmental quality control.