Week 3 Lesson 18 ligaments of the distal limb of the horse
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100 Terms
What is the common clinical name for the distal sesamoid bone in horses?
Navicular bone.
Where is metacarpal bone 2 located relative to the cannon bone?
Medial aspect
Where is metacarpal bone 4 located relative to the cannon bone?
Lateral aspect
What is the synonym for the Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor?
Inferior check ligament
Which structure is the deepest soft tissue on the palmar aspect of the proximal metacarpus?
Suspensory ligament
Which structure is the most superficial on the palmar aspect of the proximal metacarpus?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
Name the soft tissues in the proximal metacarpus from deep to superficial.
Suspensory ligament, Accessory ligament of the DDF, Deep digital flexor tendon, and Superficial digital flexor tendon
Is the Accessory ligament of the DDF present in the mid-metacarpal region?
No, it is absent
What tendon is located immediately dorsal to the SDFT in the mid-metacarpus?
Deep digital flexor tendon
What ligament is located immediately dorsal to the DDFT in the mid-metacarpus?
Suspensory ligament
Identify the nerves located on the medial side of the suspensory ligament in the metacarpus.
Medial palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves
Identify the nerves located on the lateral side of the suspensory ligament in the metacarpus.
Lateral palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves
How many divisional branches does the suspensory ligament have in the distal metacarpus?
Two
Where do the divisional branches of the suspensory ligament insert?
Onto the proximal sesamoid bones
Which structure is located proximal to the fetlock between the suspensory branches and the DDFT?
Manica flexoria
What ligament holds the flexor tendons in place at the fetlock region?
Palmar annular ligament
Which ligament is located between the two proximal sesamoid bones?
Intersesamoidean ligament
In the fetlock region, which tendon is superficial to the DDFT?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
What is the synonym for the suspensory ligament in the horse?
Interosseous muscle or 3rd interosseus
List the structures of the pastern region from palmar to dorsal orientation.
Proximal digital annular ligament, SDFT, DDFT, and sesamoidean ligaments
What is the shape-based synonym for the Straight sesamoidean ligament?
Y sesamoidean ligament
Where does the Straight sesamoidean ligament originate?
Base of proximal sesamoid bones and palmar ligament
Where does the Straight sesamoidean ligament insert?
Second phalanx (P2)
What is the shape-based synonym for the Oblique sesamoidean ligament?
V sesamoidean ligament
Where does the Oblique sesamoidean ligament originate?
Base of proximal sesamoid bones and palmar ligament
Which ligament is exposed after the straight sesamoidean ligament is transected?
Oblique sesamoidean ligament
Identify the most distal annular ligament in the equine limb.
Distal digital annular ligament
Which tendon inserts on the distal phalanx (P3) in the coffin region?
Deep digital flexor tendon
What structure is indicated by a red circle in the coffin region diagrams?
Suspensory ligaments of the navicular bone
What structure is indicated by a yellow arrow in the coffin region cross-section?
Impar ligament
What is the name of the bursa located near the navicular bone?
Navicular bursa
Which ligament is found on the dorsal aspect of the distal limb?
Common digital extensor tendon
What is the location of the extensor branches of the 3rd interosseus muscle?
Dorsal view of the digit
What is the primary function of the palmar annular ligament?
To hold tendons in place
Which tendon is transected and laid to the sides to view the DDFT in a palmar dissection?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
What is the deepest ligament of the distal metacarpus?
Suspensory ligament In the proximal metacarpus,
What is the relationship of the DDFT to the SDFT?
The DDFT is deep to the SDFT
Is the suspensory ligament present in both the proximal and distal metacarpus?
Yes
What bone is also known as MC3?
The cannon bone
What bone is also known as MC2?
The medial splint bone
What bone is also known as MC4?
The lateral splint bone
The inferior check ligament is a continuation of which structure?
It is the accessory ligament of the DDF
Which tendon is the most palmar structure in the mid-metacarpus?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
Where do the extensor branches of the suspensory ligament move toward?
The dorsal aspect of the limb
In the fetlock, which ligament is directly palmar to the proximal sesamoid bones?
Intersesamoidean ligament
Which structure forms a sleeve around the DDFT at the fetlock?
Manica flexoria
What is the distal attachment of the SDFT?
The second phalanx (P2)
What is the distal attachment of the DDFT?
The third phalanx (P3)
What is another name for the Straight sesamoidean ligament?
Superficial sesamoidean ligament
What is another name for the Oblique sesamoidean ligament?
Middle sesamoidean ligament
Where is the navicular bursa located?
Between the DDFT and the navicular bone
Which ligaments attach to the sides of the navicular bone?
Collateral ligaments of the distal sesamoid bone
What is the most dorsal tendon in the pastern region?
Common digital extensor tendon
How does a proximal metacarpal cross-section differ from a distal one?
The proximal section contains the accessory ligament of the DDF
What is the orientation of soft tissues in the proximal metacarpus?
Deep to superficial (Dorsal to Palmar)
What is the origin of the suspensory ligament?
Proximal metacarpus/carpus region
Which structure is found immediately deep to the skin in the palmar fetlock?
Palmar annular ligament
Which ligament is deep to the DDFT in the coffin region?
Impar ligament
Which ligament is superficial to the oblique sesamoidean ligament?
Straight sesamoidean ligament
What structure is palpable at the end of the splint bones?
Button of the splint
Where is the proximal digital annular ligament located?
Pastern region
The distal digital annular ligament is found in which region?
Coffin region
Which tendon is located in the dorsal pouch of the metacarpophalangeal joint?
Common digital extensor tendon
What is the medial-to-lateral arrangement of splint bones?
MC2 is medial and MC4 is lateral
Which nerve accompanies the lateral palmar artery?
Lateral palmar nerve
Which nerve accompanies the medial palmar artery?
Medial palmar nerve
In the mid-metacarpus, which structure is directly palmar to the cannon bone?
Suspensory ligament
In the distal metacarpus, which structure is palmar to the DDFT?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
What is the functional role of the suspensory ligament?
Support of the fetlock joint
Which tendon is more deep in the pastern, the SDFT or DDFT?
The DDFT is deeper than the SDFT
What structure is proximal to the proximal digital annular ligament?
Palmar annular ligament of the fetlock
Where does the oblique sesamoidean ligament insert?
The proximal phalanx (P1)
What is the primary tendon on the dorsal distal limb?
Common digital extensor tendon
Which region contains the intersesamoidean ligament?
Fetlock region
What ligament connects the navicular bone to the distal phalanx?
Impar ligament
What structure is found in the palmar pouch of the metacarpophalangeal joint?
Synovial fluid/joint capsule
Is the SDFT or DDFT larger in cross-section in the mid-metacarpus?
The DDFT is typically larger
Which ligament is deepest in the pastern region?
Oblique sesamoidean ligament
The Straight sesamoidean ligament is also known as what?
Y-ligament
What are the three annular ligaments of the distal limb?
Palmar, proximal digital, and distal digital annular ligaments
Which bone acts as a pulley for the DDFT?
Navicular bone (distal sesamoid)
What structure is immediately palmar to the DDFT in the pastern?
SDFT
What is the distal-most part of the suspensory ligament?
The extensor branches
Which tendon passes through the manica flexoria?
Deep digital flexor tendon
What is the deepest tissue in the coffin region palmarly?
Impar ligament
What is the superficial-most tissue in the coffin region palmarly?
Distal digital annular ligament
Which ligament is axial to the branches of the SDFT in the pastern?
Straight sesamoidean ligament
The collateral ligaments of the navicular bone are also known as?
Suspensory ligaments of the navicular bone
In the proximal metacarpus, where is the AL-DDF located?
Between the suspensory ligament and the DDFT
What is the anatomical term for the fetlock joint?
Metacarpophalangeal joint
What is the anatomical term for the pastern joint?
Proximal interphalangeal joint
What is the anatomical term for the coffin joint?
Distal interphalangeal joint
Which ligament forms a "V" shape?
Oblique sesamoidean ligament
Which ligament forms a "Y" shape?
Straight sesamoidean ligament
Where is the proximal sesamoid bone located?
At the fetlock joint
Which tendon is responsible for flexing the distal phalanx?
Deep digital flexor tendon
Which tendon is responsible for flexing the middle phalanx?
Superficial digital flexor tendon
What structure lies directly dorsal to the DDFT in the coffin region?
Navicular bursa and navicular bone
Name the extensor tendon of the equine digit.
Common digital extensor tendon