Lang Fallacies

Ad Hominem

Attacking the person instead of the argument

Tu Quoque ("You too")

Dismissing an argument by accusing the other person of hypocrisy

Ad Misericordiam (Appeal to Pity)

Using sympathy or pity instead of logic to justify something

Appeal to Authority

Claiming something is true because a famous/respected person says so (not an expert)

Ad Populum (Bandwagon)

Claiming something is true because "everyone believes it"

Appeal to Tradition

Arguing something is right because it has always been done that way

Appeal to Nature

Claiming something is good or true because it is “natural”

Contradictory Premises

Using two statements that cannot both be true at the same time

Equivocation

Changing the meaning of a key word during an argument

Non Sequitur

Making a conclusion that does not logically follow from the premises

Slippery Slope

Claiming one action will lead to extreme consequences without proof

Reductio ad Absurdum

Refuting an argument by showing it leads to absurd results (only valid if logic is shown)

Bifurcation (False Dilemma)

Presenting only two options when more exist

Straw Man

Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack

False Analogy

Assuming two things are alike in all ways because they're alike in one way

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

Assuming one event caused another just because it happened first

Hasty Generalization

Making a broad conclusion from a small or unrepresentative sample

Moving the Goalposts

Changing criteria to reject evidence against a claim

No True Scotsman

Redefining a group to exclude evidence that contradicts a claim

Texas Sharpshooter (Cherry Picking)

Only using data that supports a claim and ignoring the rest