ch 7

Glucose is transformed into ATP in 3 steps:

1.
2.
3.

glycosis krebs cycle electron transport chain

_____ assist redox reactions by acting as a catalys

enzymes

what does NAD+ stand for?

nicotinamide adenosine

NAD+ turns into _____ by binding to the enzyme in the redox reaction and accepting 2 electrons and a proton

NADH

what is the formula for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

_____ is the primary source of energy in food

glucose

There are _____kcal/mol of glucose of free energy present in 1 mol of glucose

686

______ is the most important electron carrier

NAD+

Substrate level phosphorylation involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to _____

ADP

______ phosphorylation - ATP synthase uses energy from a proton gradient to add a phosphate group to ADP

Oxidative

The complete oxidation of glucose happens in 4 stages

1.
2.
3.
4.

Glycolysis Pyruvate oxidation Krebs cycle Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

what are the reactants of glycolysis?

_____, _____, and 2 _____

glucose NAD+ ATP

what are the products of glycolysis?

2 _____, _____, and 4 _____

pyruvate NADH ATP

After glycolysis occurs, there is a net gain of _____ ATP

2

what are the 3 stages of glycolysis?

_____, _____, and _____ and _____ _____

priming cleavage ATP pyruvate formation

What happens in the priming stage of glycolysis?

2 phosphates are added to glucose

what happens in the cleavage stage of glycolysis?

the _____-_____ _____ sugar is split into two _____-_____ _____ (also called _____)

6 carbon diphosphate 3 carbon monophosphates G3P

What happens in the ATP and pyruvate formation stage of glycolysis?

each _____-carbon sugar is _____ and loses _____ and a proton. P is transferred from _____ to form _____. 2 _____ are formed. Net gain of 2 _____

3 oxidized 2e- ADP ATP pyruvate ATP

In aerobic respiration, _____ is the final electron acceptor

oxygen

In fermentation, oxygen is not present and _____ molecules act as the final electron acceptro

organic

During aerobic respiration, pyruvate will be _____ into _____ and will enter the krebs cycle

oxidized Acetyl-CoA

If oxygen is absent, pyruvate will be _____ in order to oxidize NADH back into NAD+

reduced

the product of fermentation is _____ _____

lactic acid

What happens in the first stage of pyruvate oxidation?

a carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate, releasing CO2

what happens in the second stage of pyruvate oxidation?

NAD+ is reduced to NADH

What happens in the third stage of pyruvate oxidation?

An acetyl group is transferred to coenzyme A, making Acetyl-CoA

What are the reactants of pyruvate oxidation?

2 pyruvate, 2 CoA and 2NAD+

What are the products of pyruvate oxidation?

2 Acetyl CoA, 2 CO2 and 2NADH + H

What are the products of the krebs cycle?

10_____, 4_____, 2____

NADH ATP FADH2

what happens during chemiosmosis?

ATP synthase uses the energy of gradient protons to make ATP from ADP + P