The Uterus and Vagina

adenomyoma

a focal mass of adenomyosis

adenomyosis

the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus

agenesis

failure of an organ or structure to grow during embryologic development

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

anteflexion

the uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cx forming an acute angle between the body and the cx

anteversion

the typical version of the uterus where the uterine body tilts forward forming a 90 degree angle with the cx

bartholin duct cyst

a benign cyst that is located in one of the bartholin glands in the region of the vulva

basal layer

the outer layer of the endo

bicornuate uterus

a common uterine anomaly in which the endo divides into two horns also referred to as bicornis unicollis

limp

boggy means

broad ligaments

pelvic ligaments that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

endometrium

inner mucosal layer of the uterus

external os

the inferior portion of the cx that is in close contact with the vagina

function layer

the functional inner layer of the endo that is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle

fundus

most superior and widest portion of the uterus

gartner duct cyst

a benign cyst located within the vagina

hematocolpos

blood accumulation within the vagina

hematometra

blood accumulation within the uterine cavity

hematometrocolpos

blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina

hydrocolpos

fluid accumulation within the vagina

hydrometrocolpos

fluid accumulation within the uterus and vagina

hysterosalpingography

radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endo cavity and fallopian tubes to eval for internal abnormalities

hysteroscopic uterine septoplasty

the surgical repair of a uterine septum in a septate uterus using hysteroscopy

imperforate hymen

a vaginal anomaly in which the hymen has no opening therefore resulting in obstruction of the vagina

internal os

the superior portion of the cx closest to the isthmus

intracavitary (fibroid)

a leiomyoma located within the uterine cavity

intramural (fibroid)

location of a my leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus

isthmus

area of the uterus between the corpus and cx

leiomyoma

a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma

leiomyosarcoma

the malignant manifestation of a leiomyoma

levoverted uterus

the long axis of the uterus deviating to the left of the midline

lower uterine segment

the term used for the isthmus of the uterus during pregnancy

magnetic resonance imaging guided high intensity focused ultrasound

a fibroid treatment that utilizes focuses high frequency high energy ultrasound guided magnetic resonance imaging to heat and destroy fibroid tissue

menometrorrhagia

excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals

menorrhagia

abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation

mullerian ducts

paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract

multiparous

have birthed more than one child

myometrium

muscular layer of the uterus

neonatal

the first 4 weeks (28 days) after birth

nulliparous

never given birth

parity

total number of pregnancies in which the patient given birth to a fetus or beyond 20 weeks gestational age of an infant weighing more than 500 g

pedunculated

something that grows off a stalk is called

outer layer of the uterus may also be referred to as the serosal layer

perimetrium

precocious puberty

pubertal development before the age of 7 the early development of pubic hair, breast, or genitals

pseudoprecocious puberty

secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources such as ovarian tumors adrenal tumors or steroid use

retroflexion

the uterine body tilts backwards and comes in contact with cx forming an acute angle between the body and cx

retroversion

the uterine body tilts backward without a bend where the cx and body meet

saline infused sonohysterography

a sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endo cavity and possibly the fallopian tubes to eval for internal abnormalities also referred to as sonohysterography

septate uterus

common congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a single septum that separates two endo cavities

serosal layer

the outermost layer of the uterus also referred to as the perimetrium

submucosal (fibroid)

a leiomyoma that distorts the shape of the endo

subseptate uterus

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a normal uterine contour with an endo that branches into two horns

subserosal (fibroid)

location of a leiomyoma in which the tumor grows outward and distorts the contour of the uterus

torsion

twisting

unicornuate uterus

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a uterus with one horn

uterine artery embolization

procedure used to block the blood supply to a leiomyoma (fibroid)

uterus didelphys

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in the complete duplication of the uterus, cx, and vagina

vaginal atresia

occlusion or imperforation of the vagina; can be congenital or acquired

vaginal cuff

portion of the vagina remaining after a hysterectomy

vaginal fornices

recesses of the vagina

vulva

collective term for the mons pubis, labia majora and labia minora, vestibule, bartholin gland and clitoris

12th

gender is not typically apparent until about the ____ week of embryonic life

fundus, corpus, isthmus and cx

the uterus is divided into four major divisions

cornua

each fallopian tube attaches to the uterus at the level of the uterine horns called the

retroperitoneal organ

what type of organ is the uterus

inner mucosal, middle mucosal, and outer layer

the vagina is composed of 3 layers ______ which may be referred to as the adventitia

outermost (serosal layer or perimetrium), middle layer (myometrium or muscular layer), and the inner mucosal layer (endometrium)

3 uterine wall layers are

basal layer (deep) and functional layer (superficial)

the endometrium is divided into what layers

functional layer

what layer is the component that is shed during menstruation

2:1

normal prepubertal uterus has a cx to uterus ratio of

6-8.5 cm in length and 2-4 cm in AP

length of the uterus in a nulliparous individual is typically between

8-10.5 cm in length and 3-5 in AP

a multiparous individual will have what size uterus

3.5-7.5 cm in length and 1.7-3.3 cm AP with a thin endo

postmenopausal uterus measures

1. levoverted

2.dextoverted

a uterus that is located more on the left is referred to as 1.__ whereas the uterus located on the right is referred to as 2.__

neck or cervix of the uterus

the word "colli' refers to the

to the horn of the uterus

the word part "cornu" refers

formation of congenital malformation of the uterus

some studies claim that intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) has resulted in

palpable pelvic or abdominal mass as a result of an excessive buildup of vaginal secretions in utero

clinically neonatal pts with vaginal obstructions present with a

vagina

the word part "coplo" refers to the

uterus

the word part "metra" refers to the

cyclic pelvic pain

enlarged uterus

abdominal pain

urinary retention

amenorrhea

clinical findings of vaginal obstructions

fibroid tumors

adenomyosis is often present in the uterus afflicted with

pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, palpable abdominal mass, enlarged uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation. and possibly infertility

clinical findings of uterine leiomyoma

solid, hypoechoic masses that produce posterior shadowing

how do fibroids appear sonographically

degenerating

what type of fibroids may have calcs or cystic components

the fibroid enlarges and it outgrows its blood supply which could possibly lead to pain

why does fibroid degeneration occur

leiomyomas

what are the most common benign gynecologic tumors and the leading cause of hysterectomy and gynecologic surgery

intramural (within the myometrium)

most common location for fibroid

pedunculated

what type of fibroid could lead to torsion

estrogen stimulation

fibroid growth is associated with

because the location of the fibroid may result in a higher incidence of spontaneous abortion

why might fibroids impact fertility if they are intracavitary or submucosal

african american women

who has a higher incidence of leiomyosarcoma

54

median age for leiomyosarcoma

rapid increase in growth over a short period of time

how is a leiomyosarcoma characterized

cervical carcinoma

most common female malignancy in women younger than 50 yrs old

human papillomavirus

the greatest risk factor for cervical cancer is the

inhomogeneous, bulky, enlarged cx or as a focal mass within the cx and loss of the normal cervical canal may occur as well

describe cervical carcinoma sonographically

2cm

the vaginal cuff should not exceed

obstructing tumor and/or

fibroid or polyp in the cx

cervical stenosis (narrowing of the ednocervical canal) can be a result of

anechoic or complex mass within the vagina

sonographic findings of a gartner duct cyst