Acids, Bases, and Salts Science Reviewer

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the properties of acids, bases, and salts, pH scale ranges, and color changes of chemical indicators based on the lecture transcript.

Acids

Substances that release hydrogen ions ($H^+$) when dissolved in water, usually have a sour taste, and turn blue litmus paper red.

Bases

Substances that release hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) when dissolved in water, taste bitter, and feel slippery or soapy.

Alkali

A base that dissolves in water.

Salts

Neutral substances formed when an acid and a base react together, represented by the general reaction: $Acid + Base \rightarrow Salt + Water$.

The pH Scale

A scale ranging from $0$ to $14$ used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is.

Acidic pH Range

A pH value less than $7$ ($pH < 7$), where a lower number indicates a stronger acid.

Neutral pH

A pH value equal to $7$ ($pH = 7$), such as pure water or blood which is approximately $7.4$.

Basic / Alkaline pH Range

A pH value greater than $7$ ($pH > 7$), where a higher number indicates a stronger base.

Neutralization

A specific reaction where an acid and a base produce a salt and water, such as $HCl + NaOH \rightarrow NaCl + H_2O$.

Acid + Metal Carbonate Reaction

A reaction that produces a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.

Hydrochloric acid ($HCl$)

A strong acid naturally present in the stomach to help break down food, with a chemical formula of $HCl$.

Acetic acid

The acid present in vinegar used for food seasoning and cleaning.

Citric acid

The acid present in calamansi or lemon juice.

Sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$)

A strong base used in drain cleaners and also known as lye.

Sodium chloride ($NaCl$)

A salt formed from the neutralization of $HCl$ and $NaOH$, commonly used as table salt for food seasoning.

Saline solution

A sodium chloride solution that is close to a neutral solution and used for medical purposes.

Magnesium hydroxide

The base present in Milk of Magnesia, which is used as an antacid.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

The chemical present in baking soda solutions used for cooking and cleaning.

Calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$)

The salt present in chalk, used for writing and construction.

Phenolphthalein

An indicator that is colorless in acidic and neutral solutions and turns pink in basic solutions.

Methyl Orange

An indicator that turns red in acids, orange in neutral solutions, and yellow in bases.

Universal Indicator

An indicator that shows a range of colors: red-orange-yellow for acids, green for neutral, and blue-purple-violet for bases.

Acid Safety Rule

Always add acid slowly into water, and never add water into acid, to prevent the release of heat and splashing.