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Arrival of the English
England arrived in the Americas 5 years after Spain, led by John Cabot.
Commercial Incentive
The English sought new lands for settlement due to homelessness caused by enclosure acts.
Enclosure Acts
Laws that evicted people from their land, leading to homelessness and food shortages.
Merchant Capitalists
Individuals who profited from foreign trade, particularly in cloth.
Mercantilism
An economic theory that emphasized the importance of trade and colonies for national wealth.
Richard Hakluyt
An advocate for colonies as a means to create markets and alleviate poverty in England.
Protestant Reformation
A religious movement in Europe that led to the establishment of Protestantism.
English Reformation
King Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church over divorce issues.
Puritans
Protestants who sought to "purify" the Church of England.
Quakers
A religious group that allowed women to serve as preachers, unlike the Catholic Church.
English Control in Ireland
Initially controlled small settlements, later conquered the entire island.
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Established the first British colony in Newfoundland, which was unsuccessful.
French Colonization
Founded Quebec as their first permanent colony, expanding slowly.
Coureurs de Bois
French fur traders who lived among Native Americans and often married them.
Dutch Expansion
Gained independence from Spain and established trading posts in New York.
Jamestown
The first successful English settlement in Virginia, established in 1607.
Spanish Armada
A fleet sent to England to restore Catholicism, defeated by the English.
Roanoke
An early English settlement that mysteriously disappeared.
Early Chesapeake
The London Company launched an expedition to Virginia, leading to Jamestown's establishment.
Native American Relations
Colonists relied on Native Americans for survival and agricultural knowledge.
Starving Time
A period in Jamestown where colonists faced extreme food shortages.
Tobacco
The first profitable crop in Jamestown, transforming the Chesapeake economy.
Headright System
A land grant system to attract settlers to Virginia, offering 50 acres per person.
House of Burgesses
The first elected legislative assembly in the American colonies.
Enslaved Africans
The first enslaved Africans arrived in the English colonies via a Dutch ship.
Maryland Colony
Founded by George Calvert as a refuge for Catholics facing persecution.
Proprietary Rule
Cecilius Calvert was granted control over Maryland and surrounding areas.
Religious Tolerance
Maryland was known for its religious tolerance, though tensions existed.
Turbulent Virginia
Increasing population and political contention led to conflicts over land and governance.
Bacon’s Rebellion
A revolt led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor Berkeley's policies and Native American relations.
Significance of Bacon’s Rebellion
Highlighted tensions over land agreements and the struggle for power in Virginia.
Growth of New England
Many sought to leave England due to persecution for defying the Church and government.
