INFLUENCES AND ERRORS

 A good practice for a shift handover is for shifts to be specifically rostered so there is an overlap of

5 - 10 minutes

20 - 30 minutes

2 - 3 hours

20 - 30 minutes

The use of pep pills by an aircraft engineer

As they stimulate the senses and make you less prone to accidents.

Is recommended only when working late or on night shift.

Can only be used if prescribed by your doctor should never be done (except for coffee).

Can only be used if prescribed by your doctor should never be done (except for coffee).

Troubleshooting is

Rule based

Knowledge based

Skill based

Rule based

Error tolerance in maintenance progress refers to

Performance of tasks specifically designed to identify errors during a maintenance task.

Process of eliminating the contributing factors to error.

Ability of a system to remain functional after a maintenance error.

Ability of a system to remain functional after a maintenance error.

 Chronic stress is

Intense stress of long duration

Typically intense but of short duration

A frequently recurring stress or of long duration

Installing worn or old components

A frequently recurring stress or of long duration

Most engineering related incidents are due to

Installing dirty connectors

Installing components incorrectly

Installing worn or old components

Installing components incorrectly

Human error can be caused by

Low body temperature

Normal body temperature

High body temperature

Low body temperature

 A good shift handover should include details of

Tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to be carried out and tools required to carry out the tasks.

Tasks that have been completed; persons who carried out the tasks; tasks to be carried out and general company and technical information.

Tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to be carried out and general company and technical information.

Tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to be carried out and general company and technical information.

What part of the SHELL model would the writing and interpretation of maintenance manuals fit into?

Software

Environment

Hardware

Software

3 - 4 units of alcohol taken before sleep reduces

Quality of sleep

Both

Quantity of sleep

Both

Finding that familiar tasks (such as programming the video recorder) seems more complicated than usual could be an early indication of

A cold or flu

Acute stress

Chronic fatigue

Chronic fatigue

What is a latent failure?

A mistake that has already been made, but has not yet caused an accident.

Receiving bad instruction from a manager who is out of touch with maintenance.

A failure which could not have been predicted.

A mistake that has already been made, but has not yet caused an accident.

he blood/alcohol limit is

40 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood.

20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for maintenance engineers.

20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and maintenance engineers.

20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood for maintenance engineers.

A type 1 visual inspection error occurs when

A faulty item is missed

A good item is incorrectly identified as faulty

A duplicate inspection is not carried out

A good item is incorrectly identified as faulty

Circadian Rhythms control

Urine output

Sleeping patterns

Body temperature

Body temperature

The circadian cycle body temperature

Does not vary

Varies by 1.5°F

Varies by 1.5°C

Varies by 1.5°F

Clinical insomnia can be caused by

A change of environment

Caffeine

Jet lag

Caffeine

 A violation is

A deliberate departure from the rules

An unintentional error

An intentional act of sabotage

A deliberate departure from the rules

When taking medicine for the first time

Absent yourself from work for the duration of use of the medicine.

Take the first dose at least 24 hours before any duty to ensure that it does not have any adverse effects.

Consult a doctor if you need to carry out any duties.

Take the first dose at least 24 hours before any duty to ensure that it does not have any adverse effects.

 For a man to maintain his fitness and health the conducive maximum recommended alcohol intake is

3 - 4 units per week

28 units per week

28 units per day

28 units per week

Which of the following is an acceptable substance with regard to aircraft maintenance?

Caffeine

Penicillin

Beta Blockers

Caffeine

If you have been prescribed new medicine by your doctor you should

Continue with your normal shift pattern.

Take 3 days off work to try out the new medication.

Give the new medication a 24 hour trial.

Give the new medication a 24 hour trial.

An engineer who has developed his or her own method of performing a complex task

Is performing a rule based behavior

Is violating on a regular basis

Should be commended for his/her resourcefulness

Is violating on a regular basis

REM sleep can also be referred to as

Paranormal sleep

Slow wave sleep

Paradoxical sleep

Paradoxical sleep

A mistake is

An unintentional error

An intentional act of sabotage

A deliberate departure from the rules

An unintentional error

The hub of the SHEL model of human factors is

Liveware

Hardware

Environment

Liveware

The symptoms of stress are

Violence, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuse.

Irritability, forgetfulness, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuse.

Indications of improved work performance.

Irritability, forgetfulness, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuse.

An engineer is working on a wing and kicks a spanner off into an engine cowl and breaks a sensor. This is

Knowledge based error

Skill based error

Rule based error

Skill based error

 Consumption of 3 - 4 units of alcohol before sleep can

Increase REM sleep

Lower the body temperature

Decrease the quality of sleep

Decrease the quality of sleep

An individual suffering from stress when confronted with a task within his capability is likely to think the task is

Someone else's responsibility

Not demanding enough

Too demanding

Someone else's responsibility

Acute stress is

Typically intense but of short duration

A frequently recurring stress or of long duration

Intense stress of long duration

Typically intense but of short duration

When working on aircraft, the consumption of alcohol

A certain amount is permissible.

Is permissible providing the drink driving limit is not exceeded.

You cannot work on aircraft even 8 hours after consuming large quantities of alcohol.

You cannot work on aircraft even 8 hours after consuming large quantities of alcohol.

Alertness and performance is reduced when the body temperature is

Either above or below normal

Below normal

Above normal

Below normal

Asynchronous communication includes

Technical manuals, memos, Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives.

Immediate voice communication by radio link.

Face-to-face communications.

Technical manuals, memos, Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives.

What do you do when someone is hypothermic?

Feed them sweet things because of their diabetes

Give them a drink because of dehydration

Warm them up

Warm them up

nformation on drugs and alcohol can be found in

AWN 47

BCARS

AWN 3

AWN 47

Working excessively long shifts during unsociable hours can lead to

Decreased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenance.

An increased immunity to stress.

Increased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenance.

Decreased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenance.

 What part of the SHEL model would the aircraft design fit into?

Liveware

Hardware

Environment

Hardware

Which part of the SHEL model is most difficult to protect from errors by designing out or to work around?

Software

Liveware

Environment

Liveware

Performance is

Directly proportional to the individual's state of arousal.

Greatest only at one optimum level of arousal but diminishes as arousal decreases or increases.

Inversely proportional to the individual's O state of arousal.

Inversely proportional to the individual's O state of arousal.

A violation in an aircraft maintenance procedure

Is always carried out to satisfy some personal need, often unrelated to the actual task.

Is usually carried out with the best intentions from a genuine desire to get the job done.

Is always considered an act of vandalism or sabotage.

Is usually carried out with the best intentions from a genuine desire to get the job done.

A stimulant allowed to be taken without a doctor's prescription is

Bromine

Caffeine

Antihistamine

Caffeine

The intake of caffeine in moderate quantities can result in

Lack of sleep and subsequent disruption to the circadian rhythms.

Anxiety, headaches and negative mood states.

A temporary increase in the ability to sustain vigilance and increased alertness.

A temporary increase in the ability to sustain vigilance and increased alertness.

The conditions laid down in AWN 47 are applicable to aircraft engineers

Who signs for work completed

When under the influence of drink or drugs

For their safety at work

When under the influence of drink or drugs

How many stages of sleep are there?

3

4

5

5

If an engineer forgets to fit a seal to an engine drain plug, he or she has

Committed a violation

Made an error of omission

Made an error of commission

Made an error of omission

Narrowing of attention occurs in states of

Optimum arousal

High arousal

Low arousal

High arousal

Which type of human error is easiest to correct?

Reversible error

Variable error

Constant error

Constant error

Engineers often work on raised platforms, ladders etc. What dangers can this contribute to?

Staging may be made of wood

Two workers may be carrying out maintenance on the same lift

Ladder may slip and man falls

Ladder may slip and man falls

Sleeping tablets can

Slow reaction and dull the senses.

Increase alertness after waking the following morning.

Help REM sleep and realign circadian rhythms.

Slow reaction and dull the senses.

A good rule of thumb for an adequate amount of sleep is

Two hours of high quality sleep is good for one hour of activity.

One hour of high quality sleep is good for & one hour of activity.

One hour of high quality sleep is good for two hours of activity.

One hour of high quality sleep is good for two hours of activity.

What effect does alcohol have on sleep?

Decreases quantity of sleep

Both

Decreases quality of sleep

Both

If you are given a task that you are unsure of you should

Ask someone who has done it before

Consult type course notes

Consult the appropriate approved data

Consult the appropriate approved data

In the slips, lapses and mistakes definition of errors, a mistake would typically occur at the

Planning stage

Storage (memory) stage

Execution stage

Planning stage

 Long shift work

Decreases the ability to recognize defects.

Increases the ability to recognize defects.

Has no effect on the ability to recognize defects.

Decreases the ability to recognize defects.

What is the difference between error and violation?

No difference

Error is deliberate, violation is not

Violation is deliberate, error is not

Violation is deliberate, error is not

When carrying out a risk assessment

A hard hat should be worn

It is necessary to identify where equipment/procedures might fail.

Nothing

It is necessary to identify where equipment/procedures might fail.

Which of the following is least associated with the study of human factors?

Ergonomics

Human error

Health and Safety

Health and Safety

Murphy's law is perpetuated mainly by

Poor aircraft design

Violations

Complacency

Complacency

When comparing noise levels on Human Performance

Noise has no effect on the number of errors or the speed of performance of an individual.

Noise is directly proportional to the number of errors and the speed of performance of an individual.

An individual can find noise levels annoying but still perform well indefinitely.

Noise is directly proportional to the number of errors and the speed of performance of an individual.

Paradoxical sleep is also known as

Stage 3 sleep

REM sleep

Stage 4 sleep

REM sleep

A company's safety policy should be defined in

The Maintenance Schedule

In CAP 716

The Maintenance Organization Exposition

The Maintenance Organization Exposition

 AWN 47 does not mention

Pep's

Sudafed

Melatonin

Melatonin

An engineer has a body mass index of 28. This would normally be classed as

Overweight and at a risk of developing health problems.

Underweight with no real risk of developing health problems.

A healthy weight with no real risk of developing health problems.

Overweight and at a risk of developing health problems.

Human Circadian rhythms cycle on a

8 hour timescale

25 hour timescale

24 hour time scale

25 hour timescale

Which is important in sleep?

Both

Quality

Quantity

Both

Whilst working on an aircraft a spanner placed on the wing surface is kicked off and subsequently falls into an open engine cowl, breaking off a sensor connector. This is an example of

Murphy's law

A skill based error

A punishable occurrence

Murphy's law

The presence of something damaging to one's health would be an example of a

Psychological stressor

Physical stressor

Reactive stressor

Physical stressor

What effect would the consumption of 3 - 5 units of alcohol have?

Loss of quality of sleep

A drop in body temperature

Low REM sleep

Loss of quality of sleep

Long shift work will

Always decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability.

Initially decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability but eventually increase your diagnostic and maintenance ability as you get used to it.

Always increase your diagnostic and maintenance ability.

Always decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability.

Stressors in the environment of noise and heat will cause

No loss of attention

A loss of attention and a distraction

A total loss of attention

A loss of attention and a distraction

An experienced engineer is fitting a valve. A required seal is not fitted. What type of error is this?

Rule based

Knowledge based

Skill based

Rule based

After drinking alcohol, absorption is dependant on

Age

Weight

Time

Time

Tiredness causes visual acuity to

Increase

Visual acuity is not affected by tiredness

Decrease

Decrease

The most effective form of communication

Verbal communication

Written communication

Explicit communication

Explicit communication

What is the most important means of communication in aircraft maintenance engineering?

Verbal

Written

Implicit

Written

Phase 3/4 sleep

Can be induced by alcohol

Is most beneficial for the body's restoration

Occurs only once per sleep cycle

Is most beneficial for the body's restoration

Consumption of alcohol

Decreases mental and physical reaction times.

Has no effect upon mental and physical reaction times.

Increases mental and physical reaction times.

Increases mental and physical reaction times.

You are taking prescribed drugs

Work and don't care about other things.

Do not work.

Carry on working, as long as you know the primary and secondary side effects.

Carry on working, as long as you know the primary and secondary side effects.

The only permitted stimulant is

Bromine

Amphetamine

Caffeine

Caffeine

Information for certifying staff when medically unfit is found in

ANO

AWN 3

AWN 47

AWN 47

Aircraft engineers can take common sense steps to maintain their fitness and health. These are known as

Positive self-improvement

Self-improvement measures

Positive measures

Positive measures

 For a person with normal Circadian rhythms, the body temperature will be lowest

Upon waking

Between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning O

At midday

Between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning O

The cycles of body temperature, sleep requirement and alertness are called

Ecto - meridian cycles

Circadian rhythms

Earth cycles

Circadian rhythms

Narrowing of attention occurs at

Both high and low levels of arousal

Low levels of arousal

High levels of arousal

High levels of arousal

When going from day shift to night shift, efficiency

Will drop off in the first four weeks

Stay the same

Will drop off after the first four weeks

Will drop off in the first four weeks

Risk assessment and management is

The investigation of risks and totally removing them and the monitoring of new work practices.

Reduction of risks to a tolerable standard and monitoring the situation.

Choosing a cheaper supplier or manufacturer for parts.

Reduction of risks to a tolerable standard and monitoring the situation.

Phase 3 and 4 sleep is

Most beneficial for the body's recovery

Occurs only once per sleep cycle

Induced by alcohol

Most beneficial for the body's recovery

After a general anesthetic you should

Not return to work for at least 24 to 48 hours (depending on the individual).

Return to work as soon as possible.

Take at least 7 days off work.

Not return to work for at least 24 to 48 hours (depending on the individual).

 If an average adult has consumed the equivalent of 

four units of alcohol, how long will it take for this level to drop to two units

Two hours

Eight hours

Four hours

Two hours

 Large amounts of caffeine can

Improve alertness and increase awareness

Reduce anxiety and stress

Cause anxiety, headaches and stress

Cause anxiety, headaches and stress

Hypoxia can

Improve the night vision of the cones of the eyes.

Impair the sensitivity of the rods and hence have a detrimental effect on eyesight.

Cause a person to slip into a coma if they are not quickly warmed up again.

Impair the sensitivity of the rods and hence have a detrimental effect on eyesight.

Drinking 3 - 4 units of alcohol before sleeping results in

A drop in body temperature

Loss of non-REM sleep

Loss of quality sleep

Loss of quality sleep

The percentage of accidents attributable to aircraft maintenance and inspection causes is

Significant and rising

Now less significant due to more advanced maintenance practices.

Now less significant due to the

introduction of more sophisticated aircraft.

Significant and rising

In theory, human error is most likely to occur

During very hot weather

When the body temperature is stable

When the body temperature is at its lowest

When the body temperature is at its lowest

 The amount of stress experienced with a particular task is dependent on

The perceived demand and actual ability

The actual demand and actual ability

The perceived demand and perceived ability

The perceived demand and perceived ability

An engineer is performing a task in less than ideal conditions in order to meet an operational deadline is

Committing a situational violation

Committed a routine error

Making a rule based slip

Committing a situational violation

Circadian Rhythms have a cycle of

25 Hours

24 Hours

23 Hours

25 Hours

On a task that is complex, an engineer uses his own procedures due to pressure. This is legally termed

Violation

Initiative

Modification

Violation

Visual inspection by an experienced maintenance engineer is

Knowledge and rule base behavior

Skill and knowledge based behavior

Skill and rule based behavior

Knowledge and rule base behavior