Chapter 07: Skeletal System

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the skeletal system as discussed in Chapter 07 of Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology.

Skeletal System

The organ system consisting of bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that supports and protects the body, facilitates movement, and produces blood cells.

Epiphysis

The expanded ends of long bones that articulate with adjacent bones and are covered by articular cartilage.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

Periosteum

A tough layer of dense connective tissue that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons.

Medullary Cavity

A hollow chamber in the diaphysis of long bones filled with bone marrow.

Trabeculae

Branching bony plates that make up spongy bone.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation that occurs in the bone marrow.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that deposit bone matrix.

Osteoclasts

Bone-resorbing cells that break down calcified matrix.

Intramembranous Bones

Bones that originate within sheet-like layers of connective tissue.

Endochondral Bones

Bones that develop from a hyaline cartilage model.

Coxal Bone

The hip bone, composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Sutures

Immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull.

Vertebral Column

The spine, composed of vertebrae that protect the spinal cord.

Synovial Joints

Freely movable joints characterized by a joint capsule containing synovial fluid.

Ball-and-socket Joint

A joint that allows movement in all planes, such as the shoulder and hip joints.

Flexion

The act of bending parts at a joint, reducing the angle between them.

Extension

The act of straightening parts at a joint, increasing the angle between them.

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline.

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline.

Calcium Homeostasis

The regulation of calcium levels in the blood, influenced by hormones that affect bone remodeling.