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omniscient
third person story; narrators knowledge is unlimited
limited omniscient
third person; narrative voice is associated with a character who cannot see all/know al
interior monologue
first person; train of thought is overheard by the reader
subjective narration
first person; narrator seems unreliable and tries to get reader on their side
memoir or observer narration
first person; narrator is observer and not main participant (eyewitness or chorus); narrator can be reliable or unreliable
innocent eye/naive narrator
story told by a child; different judgemet than an adult
stream of consiousness
author traces his or her thoughts into the text; author’s exact thoughts
objective or dramatic*
opposite of omniscient; displays an objectivity; very little of past or future; most action and dialogue
framed narrative
explains genesis and gives perspective on the main narrative or narratives that follow (frankenstein)
integral setting
setting is fully described - tima and place; usually in historical fiction
backddrop setting
vague and general setting - universal, timeless take
local color
use of regional details to add interest and meaning to the story
regionalism (regional literature)
description of a region vecomes a necessary part of the work
conflict
parallel plot
follows multiple storylines which are tied together through an event (finding nemo)
exposition
introduces charaters and setting
inciting incident
creates central conflict or struggle
rising action
events leading up to the climax; introduces subplots
diversion
any episode prior to climax not contributing directly to climax
climax
crisis reaches its highest; turning point
falling action
resolution begis
denouement
resolution of events
rags to riches
plucky but downtrodden hero meets his or her true potential
tragedy
riches to rags; brave but downtrodden hero fails to meet his or her potential
man in a hole, icarus, cinderella, oedipus
f
flashbacl
foreshadowing
happy ending
tragic or unhappy endings
many life events sdo not end peacefully —> unhappy endings emulate life better; forces reader to contemplate
suspense
excitement or tension as the plot unforld
artistic unity
nothing in the story is irrelevant
deus ex machina
plot device in which something appears out of the blue to help a charater overcome a difficulty
expository/direct presentation
described and explained by the narrator; characteriation
dramatic/indirect presentation
actions show the kind of person a character is
flat
two dimensional characters
used as vessels to carry out plot
stock
borrowed personage or archetype; related to steryotype
steryotype
character so little individualized to show qualities of a group
universal
characters with problems and triats common to all humanity
individual
a more eccentiric and unusual rep of character
protagonist
principle figure
antaginist
character with whom the protagonist is engaged in a struggle
confident for confidante
chafacter in whom (usually protagonist) confides
foil
secondary character serving as a backdrop for a more imp character
anthromorphic characterization
characterizatio of animals, ojects, or natural phenomena as ppl
animal charactaer
personified to create particular effects; metaphoric connections to human traits
diction
word choice; formal/informal
sentence struction
simple/complex
syntax
sentence patterns of language; grammatical and ungrammatical arrangements of words
language
abstracr or concrete
dialogue
either more dialogue than description or dialogue limited to certain characters
imagery
allegory
second meaning beneath the surface
editorializing
narrator’s commenting on the story to instruct the reader how to feel or respond to a situation in the story
poeticising
narrator’s use of heightened and distended language to accomplish particular effects
sentimentality
cheap way of trying to create emotion w/ the reader