Key Inventions and Innovations of the Industrial Era

Who invented the light bulb?

Thomas Edison

What did the light bulb improve upon?

Earlier designs

What advantages did the light bulb provide over candles or gas lamps?

Safer, longer-lasting indoor lighting

How did the light bulb impact homes and businesses?

Revolutionized homes, businesses, and extended working hours

Who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell

What did the telephone allow?

Real-time voice communication over long distances

How did the telephone transform communication?

Transformed personal and business communication worldwide

What powered early automobile models?

Internal combustion engines

How did the automobile impact personal and commercial transportation?

Made it faster and more flexible

Which industries experienced growth due to the automobile?

Oil, steel, and road construction

Who invented the airplane?

The Wright brothers

Where did the first powered flight take place?

North Carolina

What significant impact did the airplane have on travel?

Enabled rapid long-distance travel and global connectivity

What industry did the invention of the airplane lay the foundation for?

The aviation industry

What was one of the uses of airplanes in warfare?

Air warfare

Who developed Aspirin?

Felix Hoffman - Bayer Company

In which country was Aspirin developed?

Germany

What type of medication is Aspirin?

Pain reliever and anti-inflammatory

What is significant about Aspirin in terms of production?

It became one of the first mass-produced, over-the-counter drugs

What are some common uses of Aspirin?

Headaches, fevers, and heart health

Who created the first commercially successful typewriter model?

Christopher Sholes

What impact did the typewriter have on written communication?

Standardized written communication

How did the typewriter affect office productivity?

Improved office productivity

What role did the typewriter play in expanding women's employment?

Helped expand roles for women in clerical work

Who developed the radio?

Guglielmo Marconi

What technology did the radio use for development?

Wireless telegraphy

What types of content could the radio transmit?

Voice and music

What were some major uses of the radio?

News, entertainment, and military communication

Who invented the Internal Combustion Engine?

Karl Benz

What does the Internal Combustion Engine convert into energy?

Fuel

How does the Internal Combustion Engine generate energy?

Through controlled explosions inside a cylinder

What types of transportation are powered by the Internal Combustion Engine?

Cars, trucks, and planes

What process made mass production of steel cheaper and stronger?

Bessemer process

What are some uses of steel in construction?

Building railroads, bridges, skyscrapers, and machinery

What impact did the mass production of steel have on society?

Helped drive urbanization and industrial construction

How did railroads impact trade and mobility?

Railroads expanded rapidly, improving trade and mobility.

What industries supported the emergence of automobiles?

The steel and oil industries.

What modes of transportation transformed local and global travel?

Steamships and electric streetcars.

What became a major source of fuel for engines and machines?

Oil

What industry grew due to oil drilling and refining?

New industries

What is oil essential for in machinery?

Lubricating machinery

What product is oil later used for in addition to lubrication?

Gasoline production

What two inventions revolutionized long-distance communication?

Telegraph and telephone

How did telecommunication impact businesses?

Businesses operated more efficiently with real-time communication.

What was one effect of telecommunication on regions and countries?

It connected regions and countries more effectively.

How did mechanized equipment impact agriculture?

It increased productivity.

What effect did chemical fertilizers have on crop yields?

They improved crop yields.

How did railroads benefit farmers?

They helped farmers ship products to wider markets.

What energy source replaced wood and water power in factories and homes?

Coal and oil

What was a significant effect of the widespread use of electricity?

Enabled longer work hours

What powered machines in factories during the energy transition?

Electricity

What is a significant growth area in synthetic chemicals?

Dyes, soaps, and cleaning agents.

Which drug's development improved public health?

Aspirin.

What industry rose due to advancements in chemicals and pharmaceuticals?

Large chemical and pharmaceutical companies.