Chemistry Fundamentals and Atomic Structure

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing key terms, scientists, experiments, and quantum mechanical principles in general chemistry.

ionic

Metals reacting with nonmetals

covalent

Nonmetals reacting with nonmetals

metals

Left side of metalloids on periodic table

nonmetals

Right side of metalloids on periodic table

J.J. Thomson

Scientist who performed the cathode ray tube experiment and discovered the electron

R.A. Millikan

Scientist who performed the oil drop experiment to determine the charge of an electron

Ernest Rutherford

Scientist who performed the gold foil experiment and discovered the nucleus (nuclear model)

Pauli exclusion principle

Principle stating that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers

Aufbau principle

Principle stating that electrons are added to the lowest energy orbitals before moving to higher energy orbitals

Hund's rule

Principle stating that the most stable arrangement of electrons maximizes the number of electrons with the same spin

emitted

State of light when an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level

absorbed

State of light when an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level

isoelectronic

Having the same number of electrons

isotopes

Atoms with differing numbers of neutrons

$$n$$

Principal quantum number; gives the energy level

$$l$$

Quantum number that gives the orbital

$$m_l$$

Quantum number that gives the orientation

$$m_s$$

Quantum number that gives the spin

paramagnetic

State when there are any unpaired electrons in an atom

diamagnetic

State when there are no unpaired electrons (all electrons are paired) in an atom

core electrons

All the other electrons (besides the valence electrons) of an atom