AP gov unit 4 and 5 vocab

Elections where only registered party members can vote to select their party's candidate are called __________.

Closed primaries

The __________ effect is the phenomenon where a popular candidate helps to attract votes for other candidates of the same party.

Coattail

A political philosophy that emphasizes limited government, individual liberties, and free markets is known as __________ ideology.

Conservative

Fundamental beliefs that guide political behavior, including rule of law, equality of opportunity, individualism, and free enterprise are referred to as __________.

Core Values

Elections that signal a significant change in the political landscape or party alignment are called __________ elections.

Critical

The body of people entitled to vote in an election is known as the __________.

Electorate

An __________ is an elector who does not cast their vote for the candidate they pledged to support.

Faithless

The practice of scheduling presidential primaries early in the election cycle is called __________.

Front-loading

Media coverage that focuses on the competitive aspects of elections rather than substantive issues is known as __________ journalism.

Horserace

The electoral edge afforded to those already in office is referred to as the __________ advantage.

Incumbency

An individual currently holding a political office is called an __________.

Incumbent

A process that allows citizens to propose legislation or constitutional amendments is called an __________.

Initiative

The stable, mutually beneficial relationships between government agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees are known as an __________ triangle.

Iron

Advertisements that focus on specific issues rather than on candidates are known as __________ ads.

Issue

Documents submitted to a court by non-litigants with a strong interest in the subject matter are called __________ briefs.

Amicus curiae

Polls conducted to measure the initial level of support for a candidate or issue are known as __________ polls.

Benchmark

A meeting of members of a political party to discuss and decide on candidates or policies is called a __________.

Caucus

A trend where voters are less attached to political parties and may identify as independents is known as __________.

Dealignment

One of the two major political parties in the United States, traditionally associated with liberal policies, is the __________ Party.

Democrat

A situation in which one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress is called a __________ government.

Divided

Surveys conducted with voters immediately after they have exited polling stations are referred to as __________ polls.

Exit

'Free rider' problem arises when individuals benefit from resources, goods, or services without __________ for them.

paying

Set periods during which elected officials serve in office, after which they must seek re-election, are known as __________ terms.

Fixed

A diverse group of people assembled to provide feedback on specific topics or issues is called a __________ group.

Focus

An entity or individual that controls access to something, such as information or resources, is known as a __________.

Gatekeeper

Political contributions that are regulated by law through the Federal Election Commission are known as __________ money.

Hard

A political philosophy that advocates for social justice, civil rights, and government intervention in the economy is known as __________ ideology.

Liberal

A political philosophy that emphasizes individual liberty, free markets, and minimal government intervention is called __________ ideology.

Libertarian

Structures within society that connect the government to its citizens, such as political parties and interest groups, are known as __________ institutions.

Linkage

The process of taking legal action is called __________.

Litigation

The act of attempting to influence government decisions, typically by special interest groups, is known as __________.

Lobbying

A method of collecting data from a large number of respondents to gauge public opinion is called a __________ survey.

Mass

Elections where registered voters can participate in any party's primary election are known as __________ primaries.

Open

Formal sets of principal goals supported by a political party are referred to as __________ platforms.

Party

Voting in which a majority of members of a political party vote the same way is known as __________-line voting.

Party

The practice of giving government jobs and appointments to political supporters is called __________.

Patronage

A political theory that emphasizes the role of diverse and competing interests in shaping policy is known as __________.

Pluralism

The number of votes cast for a candidate who receives more votes than any other candidate but does not receive an absolute majority is called __________.

Plurality

Organizations that raise money to elect or defeat political candidates are known as __________ Action Committees (PACs).

Political

The belief that one's participation in politics makes a difference is referred to as __________ efficacy.

Political

The process by which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values is called __________ socialization.

Political

An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes they receive is known as a __________ voting system.

Proportional

Voting based on the predicted future performance of a candidate or party is known as __________ voting.

Prospective

Surveys designed to influence opinions rather than measure them are called __________ polls.

Push

A subset of individuals chosen from a larger set, where each individual has an equal chance of being selected, is known as a __________ sample.

Random

A theory that assumes voters act in their own best interest when making electoral decisions is called __________-choice voting.

Rational

A significant change in the political landscape, often involving a shift in party loyalty, is referred to as __________.

Realignment

A direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal is known as a __________.

Referendum

One of the two major political parties in the United States, traditionally associated with conservative policies, is the __________ Party.

Republican

Voting based on the past performance of a candidate or party is known as __________ voting.

Retrospective

The movement of individuals between positions in government and the private sector is referred to as the __________ door.

Revolving

A district that is strongly favored to vote for a particular party is known as a __________ seat.

Safe

The role of the media in tracking and reporting on political campaigns is referred to as the __________ keeper.

Score

An electoral district that elects one representative is known as a __________-member district.

Single

Unregulated contributions to political parties for party-building activities are referred to as __________ money.

Soft

A short, catchy phrase or statement used in media coverage is called a __________ bite.

Sound

The right to vote in political elections is known as __________.

Suffrage

A delegate to the Democratic National Convention who is not bound to vote for a specific candidate is called a __________.

Superdelegate

States where both major political parties have similar levels of support among voters are known as __________ states.

Swing

Polls that measure changes in public opinion over time are referred to as __________ polls.

Tracking

An individual or group that monitors the actions of government or other organizations is known as a __________.

Watchdog

An electoral system in which the candidate who receives the most votes wins all the electoral votes is known as a __________-take-all voting system.

Winner