32. 2001-2080

subsidize

v. / to provide financial aid; to make a financial contribution / 보조금을 지급하다 / The government decided to subsidize renewable energy projects.

lethargy

n. / a lack of energy and enthusiasm / 무기력 / After staying up all night, she was overcome by lethargy.

rivet

v. / to engross; to hold firmly / (흥미, 관심)을 고정시키다; [눈, 주의]를 집중하다; 단단히 고정하다 / The students were riveted by the thrilling story the teacher told.

agenda

n. / program; the things to be done / 안건, 의사일정 / We discussed the first item on the agenda during the meeting.

germane

adj. / relevant, closely related / 적절한 / His comments were not germane to the topic under discussion.

cacophony

n. / harsh noise / 불협화음 / The cacophony of honking horns filled the busy street.

cacophonous

adj. / harsh, discordant / 불협화음의 / The band’s rehearsal produced a cacophonous sound.

prattle

v. / to talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way / 수다를 떨다 / The children prattled happily about their day at school.

abdicate

v. / to step down from a position of power or responsibility / 포기하다, 퇴위하다, 사퇴하다 / The king decided to abdicate the throne in favor of his son.

nexus

n. / a connection or link between things / 연결, 관련 / There is a strong nexus between poverty and crime.

rarefied

adj. / esoteric; interesting to a select group only; exalted / 희박한; 소수 그룹에만 흥미로운; 고귀한 / The discussion took place in a rarefied academic setting.

abysmal

adj. / extremely bad or severe / 최악의, 최저의 / The team's performance was abysmal in last night's game.

anterior

adj. / situated in front / 앞쪽에 위치한, 앞의 / The anterior part of the brain controls voluntary movement.

pellucid

adj. / easily intelligible, clear / 맑은, 명쾌한 / Her explanation was pellucid and easy to follow.

petulance

n. / rudeness, irritability / 발뺌, 성마름 / His petulance during the discussion annoyed everyone.

retrieve

v. / to get or bring back; to recover / 되찾다, 회수하다 / She managed to retrieve her lost documents from the computer.

obstinacy

n. / the quality or condition of being obstinate; stubbornness / 완고함, 고집 / His obstinacy made compromise impossible.

ubiquitous

adj. / present, appearing, or found everywhere / 어디에나 존재하는 / Smartphones are now ubiquitous in modern society.

instability

n. / the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute / 정서 불안정 / Political instability led to economic decline.

cleave

v. / to split; to adhere / …을 쪼개다, 찢다; …에 달라붙다, 고수하다 / The wood cleaved easily under the axe.

paradox

n. / a seemingly contradictory statement or situation that may be true / 역설 / It’s a paradox that standing is more tiring than walking.

decadent

adj. / decaying or decayed, especially in terms of morals / 쇠퇴하거나 쇠퇴한, 특히 도덕적으로 / The novel describes the decadent lifestyle of the aristocracy.

suave

adj. / behaving in a relaxed, confident, and pleasant way in social situations / 부드러운, 상냥한 / He gave a suave reply that impressed everyone.

prose

n. / written or spoken language in its ordinary form / 산문 / She prefers writing in prose rather than poetry.

deplete

v. / to use up (resources or materials) / ~을 고갈시키다 / Overfishing has depleted the fish population in the area.

estrange

v. / to make unfriendly or hostile; to cause to feel removed from / 남의 기분, 애정을 멀어지게 하다, 남의 사이를 가르다 / His harsh words estranged him from his family.

estranged

adj. / causing someone to be no longer involved or connected with something / 소외된 / She felt estranged from her old friends after moving abroad.

suffice

v. / to be sufficient; to be enough / 충분하다, …을 만족시키다 / A brief note will suffice for this report.

provident

adj. / preparing for the future; providing for the future; frugal / 신중한, 미래를 위해 준비하는, 검소한 / He was provident with his money, saving regularly for retirement.

dissect

v. / to methodically analyze or examine in detail / 해부하다 / In class, we dissected the poem to understand its meaning.

aspect

n. / the way something appears or is regarded / 양상, 모습 / The financial aspect of the project is most concerning.

incumbent

adj. / obligatory / 의무적으로 필요한 / It is incumbent upon us to finish the work by Friday.

alien

adj. / not familiar; from an unfamiliar source / 이상한, 낯선 / The customs of the new country were alien to her.

yesternight

n. / the previous night / 어저께 밤, 지난 밤 / I saw her at the party yesternight.

quantitative

adj. / relating to, measuring, or measured by quantity / 양적인 / We need a quantitative analysis of the results.

swarthy

adj. / of dark color or complexion / 검어진, 어두운 / His swarthy skin glowed in the sunlight.

embody

v. / to represent or express (especially something abstract in tangible form) / ~을 담다, ~의 화신이 되다 / The hero embodied the spirit of the revolution.

epistemology

n. / the study of knowledge, belief / 인식론 / He is writing a thesis on the epistemology of science.

epistemological

adj. / relating to the theory of knowledge / 인식론의 / The debate centered around epistemological assumptions.

concord

n. / a state in which people or things agree with each other and exist together in a peaceful way, harmony / 합의 / The countries reached a state of concord after decades of conflict.

wallow

v. / to roll oneself indolently; to become or remain helpless / 기분 좋게 풀 범벅에 빠지다 / He wallowed in self-pity after the breakup.

dominate

v. / to control, overpower / 지배하다 / One company continues to dominate the smartphone market.

sacrosanct

adj. / holy, something that should not be criticized / 신성한, 비난해서는 안 되는 / Freedom of speech is sacrosanct in a democracy.

attest

v. / to provide evidence or confirm something / 입증하다 / Witnesses attested to his innocence.

libertarian

n. / advocating principles of liberty and free will / 자유주의자 / The libertarian argued against government regulation.

inference

n. / a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning / 추론 / The detective made a clever inference based on the clues.

audacity

n. / boldness or daring / 대담함 / She had the audacity to question the mayor directly.

undaunted

adj. / not intimidated or discouraged by difficulty, danger, or disappointment / 단호한 / He remained undaunted despite the setbacks.

skittish

adj. / nervous; easily startled; jumpy / 신경질적인, 쉽게 놀라는 / The skittish horse bolted at the sound of thunder.

figment

n. / something made up or invented; a fabrication / 꾸며낸(지어낸) 것; 허구, 꾸멍내 이야기 / The monster was just a figment of his imagination.

reservoir

n. / reserves, large supply / 저수지, 저장소 / The company has a reservoir of talent waiting to be tapped.

presume

v. / to take to be true (usually too confidently); to act beyond one's permitted boundaries / ~를 (정확한 근거없이) 맞다고 생각하다; (허락없이) 본인의 권한이나 위치를 넘어서는 지나친 행동을 하다 / Don’t presume that she agrees with you.

enfranchise

v. / to grant rights, freedom / 투표권을 주다 / The new law enfranchised thousands of previously ineligible citizens.

intolerance

n. / unwillingness to accept different beliefs / 편협함 / Religious intolerance often leads to conflict.

intolerable

adj. / too bad, harsh, or severe to be accepted or tolerated / 견딜 수 없는 / The heat was intolerable that day.

tirade

n. / prolonged, bitter speech / 장광설, 신랄한 연설 / The angry customer launched into a tirade against the manager.

chortle

v. / to chuckle with glee / 혼자서 킬킬거리다, 신이 나서 웃다, 기뻐하다 / He chortled with delight at the joke.

perchance

adv. / perhaps / 혹시, 어쩌면 / Perchance we shall meet again someday.

emigrate

v. / to move to a new country; to expatriate / 타국으로 이주하다, 이주하다 / My grandparents emigrated from Italy in the 1950s.

skeptical

adj. / denying or questioning; marked by doubt / 의심많은, 회의적인 / She was skeptical about the effectiveness of the new policy.

deceptive

adj. / designed to deceive or mislead / 현혹하는, 기만하는, 속이는 / The advertisement was deceptive and misleading.

permeable

adj. / allowing liquids or gases to pass through / 투과성 있는 / The fabric is permeable to water.

diverge

v. / to separate into two paths, types, or forms / 두 갈래로 나뉘다 / The road diverges into two separate paths ahead.

appropriate

adj. / suitable or proper in the circumstances / 적절한 / It’s not appropriate to wear jeans to a formal event.

outdated

adj. / old; no longer in use or valid / 구식의, 더 이상 유효하지 않은 / That law is outdated and needs revision.

reckon

v. / to consider or think something to be true or probable / 생각하다 / I reckon we’ll arrive by noon.

extrinsic

adj. / external, not inherent / 외부적인 / His motivation was extrinsic, driven by rewards rather than passion.

chaise

n. / a horse-drawn carriage for one or two people / 체이스 (말과 끌려 가는 두 석자 차량) / She arrived in a vintage chaise for the photoshoot.

entity

n. / a thing with distinct and independent existence / 개체 / Each business unit operates as a separate entity.

depict

v. / to show, illustrate / (~를) 보여주다 / The mural depicts scenes from everyday life.

foray

n. / a quick raid or attack / 침입, 침략 / The soldiers made a quick foray into enemy territory.

sensory

adj. / having to do with the senses or sensation / 지각 기관의, 감각을 전달하는 / The movie provided a rich sensory experience.

concise

adj. / brief and direct in expression / 간결한, 짧은 / Her speech was clear and concise.

misinterpretation

n. / misunderstanding of something / 오해 / A misinterpretation of the results led to the wrong conclusion.

strife

n. / strong disagreement or fighting / 갈등, 불화 / The nation was torn apart by internal strife.

retreat

n. / a place or trip, usually far away, for rest and peace / 휴양지, 휴양하러 가는 여행 / We went on a weekend retreat to the mountains.

commodification

n. / the process of turning into a commodity / 상품화 / The commodification of education is a controversial issue.

underway

adj. / moving along; currently in progress / 움직이는, 이동하는, 진행되는 / The construction project is already underway.

commend

v. / to express strong approval of; to compliment and honor / ~을 ~에게 추천하다; ~를 칭송하다 / The firefighter was commended for his bravery.

entail

v. / to involve, require / 수반하다 / This job entails a lot of travel.

frivolity

n. / lack of seriousness, light-heartedness / 경박함 / His comments were dismissed as mere frivolity.

encore

n. / the audience’s demand for a repeat performance; the artist’s response / 앙코르 / The crowd cheered for an encore after the final song.

decrepitude

n. / the state of being decrepit; old age / 노쇠, 쇠퇴 / The building had fallen into a state of decrepitude.

fashionable

adj. / being up to date on latest trends / 유행을 따르는 / She wore a fashionable dress to the party.