Chemistry- Days 1-3 Solutions

a solution is a mixture. components are combined and retain their original properties.

homogenous, not chemically

what makes up a solution?

a solute and a solvent

what is a solute?

the dissolved substance

solvent

the most abundant component of a solution; what does the dissolving

aqueous refers to circumstances where _ is the solvent

water

what is concentration referring to?

the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent.

what is a dilute vs concentrated solution?

dilute has a small amount of solute, concentrated has a large amount

what is solubility?

the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a particular solvent at a specific temperature

difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated

saturated- no more solute can dissolve

unsaturated- more solute can dissolve

supersaturated- more solute is dissolved than theoretically possible

how do you make a supersaturated solution?

add more solute than solubility allows
heat the solution up
slowly cool it down

a supersaturated solution is in a __ state

temporary and unstable

what factors affect solubility and why?

temperature: solids have higher solubility as temp increases, gases have lower solubility as temp increases

pressure: only affects gas solutes as they have higher solubility as pressure increases

what is the rate of dissolving/ dissolution

how fast a solute dissolves in a solvent

how can rate be increased?

Increasing temperature- more KE can meet the AE (energy available for dissolving)

Stirring- Increases the interaction between solute and solvent

Powdering- Increase surface area of the solute--> increases interaction between solute & solvent

where does miscible vs immiscible apply to?

liquid-liquid solutions

miscible

2 liquids that uniformly mix together (ex: milk and water)

immiscible

2 liquids which will not mix, forms two layers (ex: oil and water)

with liquid-liquid solutions, _ dissolves _

like, like

water is a _ molecule

polar

what is molarity/molar concentration (M)? what is the formula?

the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution

molarity = moles of solute/ liters of solution

what is molality/molal concentration (m)? what is the formula?

the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram (kg) of solvent

molality= moles of solute/ kg of solvent

what is dilution? what does it do to the solution?

the addition of solvent. it decreases the concentration of the solute in the solution

what is concentration (in terms of solvent)? what does it do to the solution?

the removal of solvent. it increases the concentration of the solute in the solution

in both dilution and concentration, _ stays the same

the amount of solute

what formula is used to calculate the new solution volume?

M1V1=M2V2

how is solvent removed?

evaporating or boiling, assuming that the heat doesn't affect the solute