AICE gen paper flash cards

Globalization

The process by which countries, cultures, and economies become connected through trade, communication, travel, and technology.

Modernization

The transformation of a society from traditional or rural ways to more industrialized and developed forms.

Conformity

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to match the norms or expectations of a group or society.

Renewable Resources

Natural resources that can be replaced or regenerated naturally over time, such as sunlight, wind, and water.

Non-renewable Resources

Resources that cannot be easily replaced once they are used up, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

Emissions

Gases and other substances released into the air, often from vehicles, factories, or burning fossil fuels.

Deforestation

The large-scale removal of forests, often to make room for farming, construction, or mining.

Energy Independence.

When a country produces enough energy to meet its own needs without relying on other nations.

Alternative Medicine.

Health treatments and practices that are not part of standard medical care, such as acupuncture or herbal therapy.

Civil Liberties

The basic rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals, such as freedom of speech and religion.

Incarceration

The act of being confined or imprisoned, usually as a punishment for a crime.

Economic Sanctions

Penalties or restrictions imposed by one country on another to influence its behavior, often through trade or finance limits.

Dictatorship

A government ruled by one person who has absolute power and authority, often gained or maintained by force.

Totalitarianism

A political system where the government controls every part of public and private life.

Oppression

Unfair or cruel treatment of people by those in power, limiting their rights and freedoms.

Military Coup

A sudden takeover of a government by the military, often overthrowing existing leaders.

Diplomacy

The practice of managing international relations and negotiations between countries peacefully.

Small Businesses

Independently owned companies with a small number of employees and limited revenue.

Large Corporations

Powerful companies with many employees, significant financial resources, and influence in global markets.

Consumerism

The belief that buying and consuming goods leads to happiness and economic growth; also refers to the culture of buying more products than needed.

Free Market Economy

An economic system where prices and production are determined by supply and demand, with little government control.

Supply and Demand

An economic principle stating that prices rise when demand is high and supply is low, and fall when supply is high and demand is low.

Privatization

The process of transferring ownership of a business or service from the government to private individuals or companies.

Outsourcing

Hiring workers or companies from outside a country or organization to perform jobs or produce goods, often to save money.

Philanthropy

The practice of donating money, time, or resources to help others and support charitable causes.

Censorship

The control or suppression of speech, writing, or media that is considered offensive, harmful, or politically sensitive.

Developing Countries

Nations with lower living standards, less industrialization, and weaker economies that are still growing.

Developed Countries

Nations with advanced economies, strong infrastructure, and high living standards.

Infrastructure

The basic physical and organizational structures needed for a society to function, such as roads, bridges, water systems, and power grids.

Patriotism

Love and devotion to one's country, often expressed through pride and support for national values.

Nationalism

A strong belief in the superiority and interests of one's nation, sometimes leading to exclusion of others or hostility toward other countries.

International Affairs

Matters that involve relationships and interactions between different countries, including politics, trade, and security.

Foreign Aid

Money, food, or resources given by one country to another to help with development or disaster relief.

Humanitarian Efforts

Actions taken to improve human welfare and reduce suffering, especially during crises like wars or natural disasters.

Gross Domestic Product

The total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year, used to measure economic strength.

Immigration

The act of moving to a new country to live permanently.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another, either within a country or between countries, often for work or better living conditions.

Emigration

the act of leaving your home country to settle in another place

Travel and tourism

The movement from one geographical location to another