Stereotypes, Prejudice, Discrimination

Stereotypes

beliefs linking people to traits/characteristics

Allport and Postman subway study self fulfilling prophecy

Prejudice

negative feelings to people based on their group membership

Discrimination

negative behaviours to people based on group membership

types of sexism

hostile, benevolent

Racism is difficult to detect because

social desirability

aversive - unconscious prejudices

Duncan 1976 shoving study

explanations of prejudice and discrimination include

RGCT Sherif 1949, Social identity theory Tafjel, relative deprivation theory, self categorisation theory Turner

Relative deprivation theory

belief one fares poorly compared to others

Realistic group conflict theory Sherif 1949

hostility between groups arises from direct competition for limited resources

for intergroup behaviour, need ethnocentrism

Kandinsky and Klee - minimal conditions required for people to compete

Social identity theory Tafjel

individuals derive identity from the social groups they belong to

need for positive self esteem

ethnocentrism and in group favouritism

stereotyping

self categorisation theory Turner

process where we minimise differences within and maximise differences between groups, referent informational influence and outgroup homogeneity effect

referent informational influence

influence from a group we identify with

outgroup homogeneity effects

assume more similarity among outgroup than ingroup - them alike, us diverse

Reducing prejudice and discrimination

Allport 1954 contact hypothesis, propaganda, superordinate goals, communication and conciliation

effects of prejudice and discrimination

reluctance to help minorities, tokenism, reverse discrimination, dehumanisation, genocide

Allport 1954 contact hypothesis

intergroup harmony can be achieved through contact, prolonged cooperation, officially sanctioned, equal S.S, similarities emphasised, typical outgroup members

mediation

3rd party facilitating exchange

arbitration

3rd party decides exchange

conciliation

cooperative gestures