Philippine and World Geography, History, and Social Sciences Review

Flashcards covering Philippine and World geography facts, historical terms from the Spanish colonial era, social study concepts, and government structures based on the review center lecture notes.

Mt. Apo

The mountain with $9600$ feet high in the Philippines.

Philippine Deep

The lowest spot in the Philippines situated off the pacific coast of the archipelago.

San Juanico Strait

The narrowest strait in the word.

Central Plain in Luzon

Known as the "Rice Granary of the Philippines."

Rio Grande De Cagayan

Also known as the Cagayan River, it is the Largest river in the country.

Laguna de Bay

The largest lake in the country.

Russia

The Largest Country in terms of land area.

Tokyo, Japan

The Largest City in the world.

Indonesia

The Greatest Archipelago.

Arabian Peninsula

The Largest Peninsula.

Mediterranean Sea

The Largest Sea.

Amazon River

The Largest River.

Sahara Desert

The Largest Desert.

Greenland

The Largest Island.

Andes Mountains

The Longest Mountain Range.

Bay of Bengal

The Largest Bay.

Mariana Trench

The Deepest Trench.

Nile River

The Longest River.

Gulf of Mexico

The Largest Gulf.

Caspian Sea

The Largest Lake.

Philippines Astronomical Location

Found in the Western Pacific Ocean with $4^\circ 23' - 21^\circ 25'N$ latitude and $116^\circ - 127^\circ E$ longitude.

Y'Ami Isle

The northernmost point of the Philippines which is $78$ miles from Taiwan.

Saluag Isle

The southernmost point only $34$ miles each of Borneo.

Deodato Arellano

The first president of the Katipunan.

General Artemio Ricarte

The First Army Chief of the Philippines.

William Howard Taft

The first American civil governor.

Cayetano Arellano

The first Filipino Chief Justice.

Union Obrera Democratica

The first Labor Union, founded by Isabelo delos Reyes.

Sergio Osmea

The first Speaker of the Philippine Assembly.

Geronima Pecson

The first woman senator in the Philippines.

Antonio de Morga

A Spanish historian and high-ranking official who wrote "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" (Events in the Philippine Islands).

Moros

The term used by the Spanish to refer to the Muslim population in the southern Philippines, derived from the word "Moor".

Cimarrn

A term used to describe indigenous people in the Spanish colonies who had escaped from Spanish control.

La Conquista

Refers to the Spanish conquest of the Philippines beginning in the 16th century.

Presidio

A fortified military settlement or garrison established by the Spanish.

Rajah Sulayman

A pre-colonial Filipino ruler of Manila and Tondo who resisted Spanish conquest and was involved in the Battle of Bangkusay Channel.

Legua

A Spanish unit of measurement equivalent to about $2.6\,miles$ or $4.2\,kilometers$.

Conquistadores

Spanish conquerors who participated in the exploration and colonization of new territories.

Real Hacienda

The Spanish colonial treasury responsible for collecting taxes and managing public finances.

Tributo

A form of tribute or tax collected from the indigenous population by the Spanish colonial government.

Regidor

A member of the municipal council (cabildo) responsible for overseeing local administration.

Cabildo

The municipal council of a Spanish colonial city.

Doctrina

A parish or mission established by Spanish friars for evangelizing and instructing the indigenous population in Christianity.

Confianza

A system of trust-based relationships between Spanish colonial officials and indigenous leaders.

Capitana

A Spanish colonial military unit or command responsible for maintaining order.

Pintados

A term used by the Spanish to refer to the indigenous people of the Visayas region, known for their elaborate tattoos.

San Agustin Church

The oldest stone church in the Philippines, built in Manila during the Spanish colonial period.

Igorot

An ethnolinguistic group in the Cordillera region known for resisting Spanish colonization and their terraced rice fields.

Oidor

A judge or member of a Spanish colonial high court, such as the Audiencia of Manila.

Leyenda Negra

The "Black Legend," a negative portrayal of the Spanish colonial rule.

Dalagang Bukid

A traditional Filipino dance originating during the Spanish colonial period depicting women working in fields.

Polygyny

Marriage of one man to two or more women.

Polyandry

Marriage involving one woman being married to multiple men.

Monogamy

Marriage between one man and one woman.

Extended Family

A family type that includes grandparents, uncles, and cousins, in addition to parents and children.

Nuclear Family

A family consisting of a husband, wife, and children.

Alcaldia

A pacified territory during the Spanish era headed by an Alcalde Mayor.

Corregimientos

Territories that were not pacified during Spanish colonization, headed by Corregidors.

Gobernadorcillo

The head of a Pueblo during the Spanish colonial period.

Auguste Comte

The individual who coined the term sociology and suggested the use of positivism.

Folkways

Customs, traditions, and conventions of society, such as saying "po" and "opo".

Mores

Special folkways important to the welfare of the people and their cherished values.

Laws

Formalized norms enacted by people vested by political and legal authorities.

Ethnocentrism

The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others.

Xenocentrism

The belief that the products, styles, or ideas of one's culture are inferior to those of other cultures (Colonial Mentality).

Cultural Relativism

The viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture.

Enculturation

The process of learning the culture of one's own group.

Acculturation

The process of learning some new traits from another culture.

Assimilation

The process where an individual entirely loses awareness of their previous group identity and takes on the culture of another group.

Patriarchal

A power structure where the father or grandfather has the authority and dominates the household.

Matriarchal

A power structure where the mother or grandmother has the authority and dominates the household.

Egalitarian

A power structure where both the husband and wife exercise equal amount of power/authority.

Perfect Competition

An economic scenario where various vendors sell almost the same products at nearly the same prices.

Monopolistic Competition

A competition type where a single provider offers a unique product, giving it some market control.

Oligopolistic Competition

An economic situation featuring few sellers who dominate an industry and engage in moderate competition.

Cooperative Development Authority (CDA)

The organization responsible for the regulation and development of cooperatives in the Philippines.

R.A 6938

The Cooperative Code of the Philippines which regulates the functioning of cooperatives.

Scarcity

The condition that drives every economy to answer basic economic questions regarding production and distribution.

Pardon

An act of grace from the President that exempts an individual from punishment for a crime.

Amnesty

An act of mercy from the President, with Congressional consent, granted to persons who committed political crimes like rebellion.

Reprieve

The postponement of a sentence.

Commutation

The reduction of a sentence imposed to a lesser punishment.

Jus Sanguinis

The principle where citizenship is acquired through blood relations.

Legislative Power

The authority to make and alter laws, held by the Philippine Congress.

Punong Barangay

The official title for the head of a barangay.

Supreme Court of the Philippines

The judicial body composed of $14$ Associate Justices who hold office until age $70$.