History -Tsarist Russia- autocracy

who was the tsar when did he become the emperor

Nicholas II -1894

what were the russification policies

restrictions of non-russian national minorities interfering with their education, religion and culture

what happened to the jews

they were put into ghettos and became scapgoats for mosts of russias problems

how many russification policies were there

600

what were the black hundreds

ground known for attacking jews

what was a pogrom

organized massacres of Jews in the Russian empire

when were political parties legalised

1905

what happened to illegal politcial parties before 1905

they were infitrated by the okhrana resulting in harassments,arrests and imprisonments.

What were the Okhrana?

secret police- unlimited power regarding anti-tzarist behaviour

what did the westerners believe

wanted to follow the features of the evolving politics in europe

What did Slavophiles believe?

Slavophil's belief Russia had a unique culture and heritage centred on the orthodox church, which should be preserved 'holy russia'

who tried to mordernise russia

sergei witte

What did Sergei Witte do?

drafted the october manifesto , negotiated peace with japan and past many reforms that led to the great spurts of the 1890s

What is the October Manifesto?

Tsar Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto in 1905 in an attempt to meet the demands of the revolutionaries. marked the end of unlimited autocracy in Russia and ushered in an era of constitutional monarchy.

how did the peasants live

lived on the land using inefficient backwards agricultural methods e.g. wooden ploughs expanding population meant not enough land to go around. poor and illierate working on the nobles land

what was life like for the workers

cramped diseased shared housing in petrograd and moscow many factories worked 24hrs day

who was the tsar to the church

gods choosen representative on earth, peasants held him in high regard and start of century calling him 'little father'. the orthdox church supported nicholas

who were the middle class

bankers, merchants and rich capitalists, bussinessmen who had links to the government access to resturants and theatres

what other nationalites lived in the russian empire

ukranians, polish and latvians

why was there bad cummication

few paved roads ,took 12yrs to build the trans-siberian railroad.