Motor Development - Test 2 Vocab

Flashcards about Motor Development vocabulary, designed to help review lecture notes and prepare for an upcoming exam..

Teratogen

An environmental agent that can cause a birth defect or kill a fetus.

Sensitive Periods

A period when an organism is most sensitive to certain environmental influences.

Low Birth Rate (LBW)

Infants that are born in a regular gestational period of 38 to 42 weeks but weigh less than 5.5 pounds.

Growth Hormone (GH)

Hormone necessary for normal growth.

Thyroxine

Produced by the thyroid gland; helps cell multiplication and growth in the fetus and child.

Obesity

Defined as a BMI of 30.

Neural Recruitment

The recruitment of additional motor units to generate forces.

Information Processing

To integrate information coming from different perceptual modalities; provides the basis for formulating a motor response.

Perception

The processes used to gather and interpret sensory information from the external and internal environment.

Object Permanence

The realization that objects continue to exist when they are no longer in view.

A-not-B Error

Infants will look for an object where they first saw it, even if the object has moved.

Embodiment

Cognitive processes, including thinking, are deeply grounded in our bodily interactions with the environment.

Spatial Orientation

The ability to recognize an object's orientation or position in a three-dimensional space.

Figure-Ground Perception

The ability to distinguish an object from its surrounding background.

Depth Perception

The ability to judge the distance of an object from the self.

Field of Vision

The entire extent of the environment that can be seen without changing the fixation of the eye.

Visual-Motor Coordination

The ability to coordinate visual abilities with movement of the body.

Coincident Timing

The ability to coordinate visual and motor behavior to a single coincident point (interception).

Kinesthesis

The ability to discriminate positions and movements of body parts based on information that derives from the body's internal environment.

Body Awareness

An awareness of body parts by name and location, their relationship to each other, and their capabilities and limitations.

Spatial Awareness

To draw inferences in relationship to self-space or position, as well as object recognition.

Selective Attention

The processing of relevant information and non-processing of irrelevant information.

Dual Attention

Concentrating on more than one activity at the same time.

Recognition Memory

Noticing whether a stimulus is identical or similar to one previously experienced.

Recall Memory

Remembering a stimulus that is not present.

Contextual Hearing

How the environment and the way a task is presented influences a person's ability to learn and perform motor skills.

Processing Speed

The rate of speed at which information is processed.

Reaction Time

Basic measure of processing speed.

Motor Programming

The cognitive processing that results in the formulation of a thought, cognitive expression, or motor program.

Schema For Programming

Individuals store past movement experiences in memory. Storage of movement elements and the relationship of these elements are called movement schema. Individuals call up or piece together desired movements.

Coordinating Structures

Coordinating groupings of muscle, not individual muscles.

Dynamic Systems

Qualitative changes in motor behavior emerge out of the natural developing dynamic properties of the motor system.

Constraint Model

Factors can either facilitate or restrict development.

Psychomotor Slowing

Slowing down of both thought processes and physical movements.

Postural Reflexes

The ability to react to gravitational forces and changes in equilibrium.

Primitive Reflexes

Survival and protection.

Locomotor Reflexes

Voluntary locomotor movements.

Spontaneous Movements

Stereotypic repetitive motions that appear in the absence of any known stimuli.

Rudimentary Behavior

Period from birth to 2 years of age. A gradual increase in basic voluntary motor behavior occurs.

Crawling

The infant's first purposeful efforts at prone locomotion, which normally occurs between the ages of 6 and 8 months.

Creeping

Appears approximately 2 months (between 8 and 10 months of age) after the appearance of crawling. Involves moving in prone position on hands and knees with the abdomen clear of the surface.

Prehension

The initial voluntary use of the hands characterized by basic seizing or grasping.

Manipulation

Skillful use of the hands.

Motor Asymmetries

Paired limbs and sensory organs (eyes, ears) are used in an asymmetrical manor.