Formation of the Universe and the Solar System

The Big Bang Theory

-origin and the evolution of the entrire universe

The Big Bang Theory

-universe began as an extremely hot and dense state

-it has been expanding and cooling ever since

Georges Lemaitre

-Proposed that universe started as a single point which expans

-1920 (Big Bang)

Nebular Hypothesis

-also called stelllar nurseries

-birthplace of new celestial bodies

Pierre-Simon Laplace

-formation of the solar system

-proposed by ___________. 1796

Solar Nebula

Large cloud of gas and dust known as _______

01 Cosmic Expansion

-The key idea of the Big Bang Theory is the universe is expanding

-space between galaxies is increasing over time

-Raisin Bread Model

-The universe expands, the different celestial bodies doesn’t move, it’s just stretching

02 Initial Singularity

-Starting point of the Universe’s expansion

03 Formation of the Elements

-uclear reactions occured minutes after the Big Bang

-synthesized elements, HYDROGEN AND HELIUM

-Protons and Neutrons after the Big Bang

-3 minutes after the Big Bang, there is the formaion of HYDROGEN AND HELIUM

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

-echo of the Big Bang

-faint glow radiation that fills the entire universe and is nearly uniform in all direction

Robert Wilson, Arno Pezias

-2 that acccidentally discovered the radiation

-they made a stronger evidence

George Gamow, Ralph Alpheer, Robert Herman

-3 meteorologist, 1940’s

Redshift Galaxies

-observation of distand galaxies show that they ar emoving away from us, and the faster they are receding

-the universe is stretching, the ligjt waves are affected, the more electromagnetic the red-er

Abunddance of Light Elements

-light elements are formed after the Big Bang Theory happpened

-Prediction 75% elements of the unjiverse should be hydrogen and the 25% is helium

-after Big Bang, there should be traces of lithium, berilium, when the scientists tested it, they left a strong evidence

Age of the Older Stars

-Studying the ages of the oldest stars

Globular Cluster

-where we can find the oldest stars, 12-13 billion years

01 Formation of the Solaar Nebula

-this stage involves the formation of a large, cold and dense cloud of gas in soace

-gravity pllays a significant role

Gravity

-key player of colllapsing the nebula

02 Collapse and Flattening

-gravitanional force collapses nebula and flattens intoo a disk-shape

03 Protoplanetary Disk

-Steam Pizza in the air

-A flat rotating disk of gas and dust around the central protostar.

-this will eventually be tje starting point og the planet

04 Condensation and Planetesimal Formation

-the colder outer regims, where volatile

-solid dust grains

Condesation

-we refer as the process of solid materials turns into gaseous elements

-temperature decrease, gaseous into solid particles

Planetesimal

-solid objects that ar eformed before the solar system ar e made

05 Protoplanet Formation

-can be formed after the Planetesimal collide, or otheer particles

-small clumps

-the bigger the celestial bodies, the giher the attraction

-they affect the gravitaional attraction

Protoplanets

As planets continues to collide and merge, they form larger bodies known as ________

06 Clearing of the Nebula

-The clearance of the Nebula

-clearing away of the remaining gas and dust in the accretion disk

07 Terrestial and Jovian Planet Formation

-types of planets formed

Terrestrial Planets

Mercury Venus, Earth, Mars

Jovian Planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Uranus and Neptune

-iced giants

-the farther the colder

08 Late Stages and Final Arrangements

-influenced gravitational intearactions and dynamical processes, leading to the configuration