New Testament Greek Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards with English definitions, word stems, frequencies, and grammatical notes based on New Testament Greek lecture pages.

ἀγαθός, -ή, -όν

good, useful (stem: *ἀγαθο, frequency: 102)

ἀγαπητός, -ή, -όν

beloved (stem: *ἀγαπητο, frequency: 61)

ἅγιος, -ία, -ιον

adjective: holy; plural noun: saints (stem: *ἁγιο, frequency: 233)

αἰώνιος, -ον

eternal (stem: *αἰωνιο, frequency: 71)

ἀλλήλων

one another (stem: *ἀλληλο, frequency: 100). Never occurs in the nominative or in the singular; lexical form is genitive plural.

ἀπεκρίθη

he/she/it answered. A common form of a common verb, occurring 82 times in the New Testament; takes its direct object in the dative (e.g., ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ = "He answered him").

δοῦλος, -ου, ὁ

slave; servant (stem: *δουλο, frequency: 126)

ἐάν

if; when (frequency: 349). Introduces a dependent clause; crasis of εἰ and ἄν. When appearing after a relative pronoun (ὅς), it appends "-ever" (e.g., ὅς ἐὰν = "whoever").

ἐμός, ἐμή, ἐμόν

my, mine (stem: *ἐμο, frequency: 76). Always means "my" regardless of case; if used substantivally, it always means "mine".

ἐντολή, -ῆς, ἡ

commandment (stem: *ἐντολη, frequency: 67)

καθώς

as, even as (frequency: 182)

κακός, -ή, -όν

bad, evil (stem: *κακο, frequency: 50)

μου (ἐμοῦ)

my. Genitive singular of ἐγώ; unlike ἐμός, it only means "my" when in the genitive case. Can also be written with an initial ε and an accent: ἐμοῦ.

νεκρός, -ά, -όν

adjective: dead; noun: dead body, corpse (stem: *νεκρο, frequency: 128)

πιστός, -ή, -όν

faithful, believing (stem: *πιστο, frequency: 67)

πονηρός, -ά, -όν

evil, bad (stem: *πονηρο, frequency: 78)

πρῶτος, -η, -ον

first; earlier (stem: *πρωτο, frequency: 155)

τρίτος, -η, -ον

third (stem: *τριτο, frequency: 56)

ἀλλά (ἀλλ᾽)

but, yet; rather (frequency: 638). When followed by a word beginning with a vowel, the final α elides and is marked with an apostrophe (ἀλλὰ Ἰησοῦς → ἀλλ᾽ Ἰησοῦς).

ἀπό (ἀπ᾽, ἀφ᾽)

gen: (away) from (frequency: 646). The o drops before a vowel (ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν); becomes ἀφ᾽ before a vowel with rough breathing (ἀφ᾽ ὑμῶν).

διά (δι᾽)

gen: through (frequency: 667); acc: on account of

εἰμί

I am, exist, live, am present (stem: *ἐς, frequency: 2,462)

ἐκ (ἐξ)

gen: from, out of (frequency: 914). Written ἐξ when followed by a word beginning with a vowel (ἐξ ὑμῶν).

ἡμέρα, -ας, ἡ

day (stem: *ἡμερα, frequency: 389)

ἦν

he/she/it was (frequency: 315)

θάλασσα, -ης, ἡ

sea, lake (stem: *θαλασσα, frequency: 91)

θάνατος, -ου, ὁ

death (stem: *θανατο, frequency: 120)

ἵνα

in order that; that; so that (frequency: 663)

Ἰωάννης, -ου, ὁ

John (stem: *ἰωαννη, frequency: 135). Follows the same pattern as προφήτης.

λέγω

I say, speak (stems: *λεγ, *ἐρ/ *ἐπ, frequency: 2,353)

μετά (μετ᾽, μεθ᾽)

gen: with (frequency: 469); acc: after. The α drops before a vowel (μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ); becomes μεθ᾽ before a vowel with rough breathing (μεθ᾽ ὑμᾶς).

οἰκία, -ας, ἡ

house, home (stem: *οἰκια, frequency: 93)

οἶκος, -ου, ὁ

house, home (stem: *οἰκο, frequency: 114)

ὄχλος, -ου, ὁ

crowd, multitude (stem: *ὀχλο, frequency: 175)

παρά (παρ᾽)

gen: from (frequency: 194); dat: beside, in the presence of; acc: alongside of

παραβολή, -ῆς, ἡ

parable (stem: *παραβολη, frequency: 50)

πρός

acc: to, towards; with (frequency: 700)

ὑπό (ὑπ᾽, ὑφ᾽)

gen: by (frequency: 220); acc: under. The o drops before a vowel (ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ); becomes ὑφ᾽ before a vowel with rough breathing.