ag dna vocab

biotechnology

using scientific processes to get new organisms or new products from organisms

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

the molecule in a chromosome that furnishes genes with info for their development

double helix

physical structure of DNA, two linked strands

genetics

the study of heredity and organisms

nucleotide

a compound consisting of a nucleotide linked to a phosphate group. basic structural unit of DNA

nucleus

a relatively large structure within a cell; directs cell activity

recombinant DNA process

technique in which genetic material is moved from one chromosome to another

sugar found in dna

deoxyribose

cytosine bonds to

guanine

adenine bonds to

thymine

what does a nucleotide consist of

sugar, nitrogen base, and a phosphate

nitrogen bases areheld together by

weak hydrogen bonds

mutation

a mistake in the replication of a DNA molecule

who discovered the structure of DNA

Watson and Crick

protein synthesis

genetic instructions are sent from DNA to mRNA, which are then read and made into a protein

DNA → mRNA → builds a protein

transcription

makes RNA complimentary to DNA

translation

builds a protein

separation

replicates DNA using heat

annhealing

binds complimentary regions with cool temps

gel electrophoresis

electrical field used to separate DNA and RNA

DNA profiling

identification based on region of DNA and unique patterns

DNA analysis

a tool used to identify a pattern unique to an individual plant or animal

gene mapping

the process of locating and recording the site of specific genes within the chromosomes

gene splicing/recombinant DNA

removing tiny amounts of DNA from one organism and inserting them into the DNA of another

genetic engineering

processes that involve the manipulation of genetic material within a cell

restriction enzyme

used to cut portions of DNA during gene mapping

southern blotting

a procedure used to translate DNA into patterns that can be read by agriscientists

DNA sequence maps

show the sequence of bases in and around a gene

genetic linkage maps

show the general promixity of genes on a chromosome

genome

total sum of genetic info in an organism

markers

recognizable features on DNA strands

physical marker maps

shows distances between markers and genes in terms of length of DNA

transgenic organisms

organisms altered by genetic energy