International relations exam 1 UIOWA

Realism

Primary Actors: States

Goals: Security

Power: Hard power measured in relative terms

Institutionalism

Primary actors: States, institutions

Goal: Wealth

Power: soft power measured in absolute terms

Liberalism

Democracy and trade

Liberal Institutionalism

Combo of liberalism and institutionalism

Constructivism

Primary actors: transnational networks

Goal: Socially constructed

Power: Depends on goal

Peace of Westphalia

Stabilized borders, Est. roles of states, Pledge of non-interference

Order

Body of rules, norms and institutions that govern relations between the key players on the international stage

Sovereignty

The expectation that states have legal and political supremacy- or ultimate authority- within their territorial boundaries

Varieties of order

Balance of power

Hegemonic

Constitutional

Hegemonic

ruling or dominant in a political or social context

Constitutional

Multilateral arrangements to make decisions and stabilize

Public Good

non-excludable and non-rivalrous

Problem of public good

free riding

important points of league of nations

Freedom of seas

nondiscriminatory international trade

national self discrimination

create constitutional organizations

challenges for hegemons

legitimacy, ration legal authority, hypocrisy

international order

a pattern of activity that sustains the elementary or primary goals of the society, of states, or international security

Governance change

Change in the international distribution of power, the hierarchy of prestige and the rules and rights embodied in the system

Balance of power

organized around the principle of anarchy, in which there is no over arching political authority

Hegemonic order

based on the distribution of power among states, but operates according to a very different logic: the relations of power and authority are defined by the organizing principle of hierarchy

Power restraint strategies

reinforce state sovereignty

break up or separation of territorial units so as to disperse power capabilities

balance of power

institutional binding

Institutional binding

states respond to potential threats and strategic rivalries by linking states together in mutually constraining institutions

State

a central authority with the ability to make and enforce laws, rules and decision

Actor

Basic unit for the analysis of international politic

anarchy

absence of a central authority with the ability to make and enforce laws that bind all actors

national interests

interests attributed to the state itself, usually security and power

interactions

the ways in which the choices of two or more actors combine to provide political outcomes

cooperation

interaction in which two or more actors adopt policies that involve at least one actor better off without making one worse

bargaining

choose outcome that make one better off at the expense of another

coordination

a type of cooperative interaction in which actors benefit from all making the same choices and subsequently have no incentive to not comply

collaboration

a type of interaction where actors gain from working together but have incentives to not comply

public goods

products that are nonexcludable and nonrival in consumption, such as national defense

collective action problems

obstacles to cooperation that occur when actors have incentives to collaborate but each acts in anticipation that others will pay the costs of cooperation

free ride

to fail to contribute to a public good while benefiting from the contributions of others

iterations

repeated interactions with the same partners

linkage

the linking of cooperation on one issue to interactions on a second issue

power

The ability of Actor A to get Actor B to do something that B would otherwise not do; the ability to get the other side to make concessions and to avoid having to make concessions oneself.

coercian

strategy of imposing or threatening to impose costs on other actors in order to induce a change in their behavior

outside option

the alternatives to bargaining with a specific actor

agenda-setting power

a "first mover" advantage that helps an actor to secure a more favorable bargain

institution

a set of rules (known and shared by the community) that structure interactions in specific ways