Theoretical Foundations of Nursing - Key Theorists and Models

Vocabulary flashcards covering major nursing theories, environmental components, carative factors, skill acquisition levels, and caritative caring based on NCMA 110 notes.

Florence Nightingale

The Founder of Modern Nursing who posited that the role of nursing is to facilitate 'the body's reparative processes' by manipulating the client's environment.

Crimean Fever

A critical illness (typhus or brucellosis) contracted by Florence Nightingale while serving patients in Scutari.

The Lady with a Lamp

The nickname given to Florence Nightingale because she made ward rounds during the night.

St. Thomas Hospital

The hospital established in London by Florence Nightingale after the Crimean War.

Five Essential Components of Environmental Health

Florence Nightingale's list of essential environmental factors: pure air, light, cleanliness, efficient drainage, and pure water.

Pure Air (Nightingale)

Environmental health component emphasizing proper ventilation, maintaining body temperature via extremity palpation, good fires, opening windows, and proper positioning.

Light (Nightingale)

Environmental health component focusing on direct sunlight; nurses were instructed to position patients to expose them to sunlight for its beneficial effects.

Cleanliness (Nightingale)

Environmental component applied to the patient, nurse, and environment; dirty environments were identified as infection sources due to organic matter.

Efficient Drainage

Environmental component requiring appropriate handling and disposal of bodily excretions and sewage to prevent contamination.

Pure Water (Nightingale)

Environmental component advocating frequent or daily patient bathing, as well as daily bathing, clean clothing, and frequent handwashing for nurses.

Jean Watson

Nursing theorist who created the Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring, emphasizing spirit-level connection and 10 Carative Factors.

Margaret Jean Harman Watson

Full name of the Jean Watson, born in Welch, West Virginia, who obtained her BSN in 1964, Master's Degree in 1966, and Doctorate Degree in 1973 from the University of Colorado.

Transpersonal Caring Moment

A caring interaction where each person feels a connection with the other at the spirit level.

Handwashing Ritual (Watson)

A practice used by Jean Watson to pause for a moment and become receptive to interactions with the patient.

Watson's 10 Carative Factors

1) Humanistic-altruistic value system

2) Faith-hope

3) Sensitivity to self/others

4) Helping-trust relationship

5) Expression of positive/negative feelings

6) Scientific problem-solving

7) Interpersonal teaching-learning

8) Supportive environment

9) Gratification of human needs

10) Existential-phenomenological forces.

Patricia Benner

Nursing theorist and professor emerita at UCSF known for her work on Caring, Clinical Wisdom and Ethics in Nursing Practice and adapting skill acquisition to clinical nursing.

Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition

Model developed by studying chess masters and pilots in emergency situations, which Patricia Benner adapted to describe five situational levels of clinical nursing practice.

Novice Level (Benner)

The first level of skill acquisition in Benner's model, characterized by an individual who has no professional experience.

Advanced Beginner / Beginner Level (Benner)

Skill level where the nurse can note recurrent meaningful situational components, but cannot prioritize between them.

Competent Level (Benner)

Skill level where the nurse begins to understand actions in terms of long-range goals.

Proficient Level (Benner)

Skill level where the nurse perceives situations as wholes, rather than in terms of individual aspects.

Expert Level (Benner)

Skill level where the nurse has an intuitive grasp of the situation and zeroes in on the accurate region of the problem.

From Novice to Expert Model

Patricia Benner's situational model detailing the five levels of clinical nursing skill acquisition: Novice, Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert.

Katie Eriksson

Finnish nursing theorist born on November 18, 1943, in Jakobstad, Finland, who developed the Caritative Caring Theory.

Caritative Caring Theory

Theory formulated by Katie Eriksson asserting that true caring occurs when one cares in a spirit of caritas to alleviate patient suffering.

Caritas (Eriksson)

Concept in Eriksson's theory referring to caring for the human being in health suffering, aimed at alleviating suffering.