Neurobiology Ch 12 Dashboard Q's

The retinal information that axons carry through the left internal capsule to visual cortex

a. comes from the left eye only.

b. comes from the right eye only.

c. is 90% from the left eye.

d. is 90% from the right eye.

e. is a roughly 60/40 split of information from the two eyes.

E

In the pupillary light reflex of a healthy individual,

a. the reflex is elicited only by simultaneous photic stimulation of both eyes.

b. light falling on the left eye will cause only left pupil constriction.

c. light falling on the right eye will cause only left pupil constriction.

d. light falling on one eye will cause both pupils to constrict equally.

e. light falling on the left eye will cause both pupils to constrict, but the left will constrict about twice as much as the right.

D

Retinal axons project to the

a. thalamus.

b. hypothalamus.

c. superior colliculus.

d. pretectum.

e. All of the above

E

Macular sparing

a. is associated exclusively with cortical damage.

b. results only from bilateral damage to the optic tracts.

c. results only from bilateral damage to the optic nerves.

d. is a transient phenomenon that precedes total blindness.

e. is a selective preservation of vision, the basis of which is unknown.

E

A contralateral visual field deficit is

a. found only in association with scotomas.

b. often due to optic tract or cortical damage.

c. found only with damage to the LGN.

d. indicative of a pituitary tumor.

e. caused by damage to just one optic nerve.

B

The strictly monocular portion of the visual field is represented exclusively by which region of the retina?

a. Superior

b. Inferior

c. Nasal

d. Temporal

e. Fovea

C

Which feature is not a characteristic of certain primary visual cortex neurons?

a. Sensitivity to edges

b. Preference for a specific orientation

c. Rate of change in contrast

d. Preference for a specific direction of motion

e. Recognition of faces

E

Which statement about the primary visual cortex is false?

a. Each of the six layers has distinct cell types that send projections both within cortical columns and to structures outside of cortex.

b. Pyramidal cells are the principal projection neurons of visual cortex.

c. Layer 4C is dominated by spiny stellate cells.

d. The upper layers (layers 2 and 3) project to layer 5.

e. The lower layers (layers 5 and 6) project to the brainstem and thalamus.

A

In which structure would a visuotopically organized, alternating (left/right) pattern of monocular responsiveness be found?

a. Layers 2 and 3 of LGN

b. Layer 4 of LGN

c. Layer 2/3 of visual cortex

d. Layer 4 of visual cortex

e. All layers of visual cortex

D

In the upper layers (2 and 3) of primary visual cortex, a lateral sampling of pyramidal cell responses would reveal

a. alternating bands of monocular columns (left eye only/right eye only).

b. a population of binocular cells that respond equally well to both eyes.

c. a roughly sinusoidal pattern of ocular dominance moving from left dominance, through equal responsiveness, to right dominance, and then back.

d. only color-sensitive cells.

e. only orientation-selective cells.

C

Which statement about the lateral geniculate nuclei is false?

a. Each lateral geniculate nucleus receives light from both the left and right eyes.

b. The alternating layers represent alternate color sensitivities (i.e., blue-green-blue-green).

c. They are organized into six principal layers.

d. The four parvocellular layers have small cells.

e. The two magnocellular layers have large cells.

B

In relation to other retinal ganglion cells, a P ganglion cell has

a. a larger receptive field and sustained responses.

b. a larger receptive field, a faster-conducting axon, and transient responses.

c. a faster-conducting axon, finer spatial resolution, and better color sensitivity.

d. finer spatial resolution and better color sensitivity.

e. transient responses and better color sensitivity.

D

Visual area _______ is most specialized for processing color information.

a. V1

b. V2

c. V3

d. V4

e. V5

D

In which brain region would you expect to find very large, motion-sensitive cells that respond selectively to oriented moving edges, while lacking responsiveness to fine structural details?

a. Parvocellular LGN

b. Area 17

c. V4

d. Peristriate cortex

e. Middle temporal area (MT)

E

Which statement about extrastriate areas is false?

a. One "stream" of information helps the viewer detect fine details of structures and aids in object recognition.

b. One "stream" of information helps the viewer detect and analyze motion.

c. The dorsal stream is thought to be important for understanding positional relationships between objects.

d. Deficits in the ventral stream often give rise to visual deficits such as an inability to perceive the motion of objects.

e. Information from parvocellular and magnocellular LGN contribute to both the dorsal and ventral streams.

D

Stanley has a car accident and is discharged from the hospital with orders to notify his doctor of any changes in health or unusual behaviors. A few days later he notices that his cat was moving in a very strange way, appearing to jump from place to place, as if in an old-time cinema reel. Stanley then discovers his brother is moving in the same way. What part of Stanley's brain is dysfunctional?

a. The primary visual cortex

b. The dorsal visual pathway to the parietal lobe

c. The ventral visual pathway to the temporal lobe

d. The lateral geniculate nucleus

e. The retina

B