Thyroid PPT pt.3

nodular thyroid disease

focal masses seen on ultrasound

thyroiditis

affects the appearance of the entire thyroid gland

what are the three type of nodular thyroid disease

• nodular hyperplasia

• multinodular goiter

• adenomatous hyperplasia

(all of these terms describe a goiter)

goiters can cause difficulty what

swallowing

goiters can be caused by

graves disease, thyroiditis, neoplasm, or cyst

the only way to prove that a mass in the thyroid is non cancerous is

biopsy

toxic goiter

results from hyperactivity of the thyroid

non-toxic (simple) goiter

occurs from thyroid enlargement not caused by neoplasm or hypo/hyperthyroidism

goiters may present on ultrasound in what ways

• cystic

• complex

• calcified

goiters demonstrate _______ vascularity around the periphery

increased

thyroid cysts are

cystic degeneration of follicular adenoma

thyroid cysts present on ultrasound as

purely anechoic areas- from serous or colloid fluid

approximately _____% of solitary nodules are cystic

20

adenomas are

benign neoplasms characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

on ultrasound adenomas appear as

• homogeneous echo texture

• shows compression of surrounding tissue when scanning

adenomas are usually a _______ lesion

solitary

on ultrasound adenomas demonstrate a

peripheral halo

a peripheral halo is caused by the

compression of normal thyroid tissue (like a capsule) the rim appears hypoechoic

adenomas will also demonstrate ______ peripheral blood flow

increased

carcinoma of the thyroid is

rare

when does the risk of malignancy decrease

if there are multiple nodules

if you have swollen lymph nodes on the _____ side as a solitary lesion, it is most likely malignant

same side

malignancies can look like

• cystic

• solid

• combination