Global Health and Human Development

Human Development Definition

Creating environments for people to develop full potential and lead productive lives.

Elements of Human Development

Healthy lives, expanding choices, knowledge access, decent living standards, community participation.

Economic Characteristics of High-Income Countries

Low poverty, diverse industries, high average incomes, global trade opportunities.

Gross National Income (GNI)

Total value of goods/services produced by citizens, including income earned overseas.

GNI Income Classifications

Low income, lower middle, upper middle, and high income.

GNI per Capita: High Income Threshold

$13,856 or more.

GNI per Capita: Low Income Threshold

$1,135 or less.

Social Characteristics of High-Income Countries

Gender equality, low birth rates, developed legal/social security systems, high education.

Environmental Characteristics of High-Income Countries

Food security, adequate housing, infrastructure, safe water access, high CO2 emissions.

Human Development Index (HDI)

UN tool measuring social/economic development using 3 dimensions and 4 indicators.

HDI Dimensions

A long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.

HDI Indicators

Life expectancy, mean schooling years, expected schooling years, GNI per capita.

HDI Advantages

Comprehensive (beyond income), easy to comprehend, effective for tracking progress over time.

HDI Limitations

Excludes subjective/survey data, ignores inequalities within a country's national averages.

Safe Water Definition

Water uncontaminated by disease-causing pathogens or toxic chemicals like lead/mercury.

Extreme Poverty vs. Relative Poverty

Extreme: living under PPP$3/day. Relative: living under 50% average country income.

Sustainability Definition

Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs.

Economic Sustainability Pillars

Innovation, job creation, economic growth, and sustainable trade.

Social Sustainability Pillars

Gender equality, safe working conditions, political rights, peace, and social security.

Environmental Sustainability Pillars

Biodiversity protection, climate change mitigation, waste management, natural resource conservation.

Biodiversity Definition

Variety of plants, animals, microorganisms, their genes, and their ecosystems.

Impacts of Rising Sea Levels

Biodiversity shifts, reduced food/freshwater, forced coastal relocation.

Climate Change Effect on Mental Health

Relocation stress, job loss self-esteem drops, trauma from extreme weather events.

Mass Migration Definition

Movement of large groups of people from one area to another.

Global Trade Impact: Tobacco & Processed Foods

Increased promotion/marketing in low- and middle-income countries leading to chronic diseases.

Digital Technologies in Health Examples

Wearables, telehealth, mobile health apps, AI, robotics, electronic records.