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3 types of transport
Simple diffusion
simple diffusion (passive
osmosis (passive
Facilitated transport
facilitated diffusion (passive)
active transport
vesicular transport
endocytosis (active)
exocytosis (active)
Osmosis
The diffusion of a solvent (water) through a differentially (semi) permeable membrane
solvent can move through membrane but solute(solid) cant
Solvent has to move to reach equilibrium
diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane
(Differentially)/permeable membrane
certain selected substances enter/leave cell
osmosis Tonicity
is the concentration of a solution as compared to another solution
Extracellular is added onto mixture
isotonic extra/intracellular equal
hypotonic extra is less than intra→ cell swelling
hypertonic extra is more than intra
Leads to cell swelling
Simple diffusion
particles spread from high concentration areas to low concentration = even distribution (equilibrium) → because of collisions between particles at high concentration forcing them t move away
facilitated diffusion
High to low areas Through integral protein such as carrier, channel protein
mainly water molecules and ions (polar molecules) → cannot pass phospholipid bilayer
Active transport
Low to high concentration → carrier proteins requiring energy
move aganist concentration gradient
e.g sodium to maintain osmotic pressure
vesicular transport endocytosis
taking in solids/liquids through vesicles through:
folding around substance
vesicles pinch it from cell membrane into cytoplasm the
pinocytosis (liquids)
Phagocytosis (solids)
vesicular transport cytosis
Vesicles formed inside the cell are taken outside the cell
vesicles form around substance to be removed
migrates to fuse with cell membrane
pushed into extracellular fluid
