Physics 2

@ Amplitude = max, v? a?

v=0
a=max

@ Amplitude = 0, v? a?

v = max
a = 0

Hooke’s Law

F=kx, k-spring constant, x-distance

position of particle in SHM is given by the equation:

velocity in SHM is given by the equation:

maximum velocity in SHM is given by the equation:

acceleration in SHM is given by the equation:

maximum acceleration in SHM is given by the equation:

omega (w) is equivalent to:

2pi*f

Period in Mass Spring system

Period in Simple Pendulum

Period in Torsional Pendulum

Period of a “Seconds pendulum”

2seconds (1 second back and forth motion)

Transverse Wave

• waves on solids where the elastic properties are disregarded

Transverse wave speed/velocity in a sstretched pring is given by the equation:

Mass density is given by the equation:

speed of a longitudinal wave traveling through a solid rod or bar is given by the equation:

Sound wave cannot travel through:

vacuum

speed of sound in air @ standard temperature

v = 331 m/s

Speed of sound @ air @ other temperature:

T in Kelvin

Speed of sound @ Fluids (liquid and gas)

Speed of sound @ Solids

speed of sound across the phases of matter in descending order

general equation to solve for the speed of sound

Y - adiabatic constant, R - universal gas constant, T - temperature in Kelvin, MM - molar mass

adiabatic constant (in formula for the speed of sound) for air

1.4

R universal gas constant is what constant in calculator

27

Molar mass for air

29 g/mol

Photon Energy is given by the formula:

wavelength in terms of velocity/speed

where does waves travel @ constant speed / travelling at the same time

vacuum

highest wavelegth, lowest frequency in the visible light spectrum

red

lowest wavelegth, highest frequency in the visible light spectrum

violet

Intensity of sound

convert intensity to dB

threshold of hearing

Doppler effect

Doppler effect when chasing the sound by an observer

Doppler effect when observer is towards the source

Doppler effect when observer is away the source

Light intensity

what is the steradian for this light

what is the steradian for this light

Illuminance (E) in lux formula

Luminance (L) in candela/m² formula

Law of Reflection

Snell’s Law

Refractive index formula

Refractive index for vacuum and air

1

Refractive index for water

1.33

Refractive index for glass

1.5

Higher refractive index means ___ speed and ___ wavelength

slower, lower

Lower refractive index means ___ speed and ___ wavelength

faster, higher

if light refracted from less dense to high dense material

towards the normal

if light refracted from high dense to less dense material

away from the normal

Critical angle is given by the formula

which happens for n1 > n2 only

Critical angle definition

The angle of incidence that at which the angle of refraction is exactly 90 degrees

Total internal reflection (TIR)

light is reflected back inside

Focal length of Spherical Mirrors/Lens

General formula for mirrors and lenses

Magnification formula for mirrors and lenses

+ f, focal length

converging

— f, focal length

diverging

+i, image distance

real

—i, image distance

virtual

+m, magnification

upright

— m, magnification

inverted

m > 1

magnified

m = 1

same size

m<1

smaller

properties of image @ outside 2f

Real, inverted, smaller

properties of image @ 2f

Real, inverted, same size

properties of image between 2f & f

Real, inverted, larger

properties of image @ f

no image

properties of image @ inside f

Virtual, upright, larger

Convex mirror properties

Virtual, upright, smaller

Concave lens property

Virtual, upright, smaller

Diverging mirror/lens property

Virtual, upright, larger

Concave mirror is equivalent to ___ lens

Convex

Optical power, P

how strongly a lens converges or diverges light

Optical power in equation

1 Diopter =

higher power =

bends light more

lower power =

bends light less