Biology 189A - Chapter 3 Pre-Lecture

The ______ theory states that all life is composed of one or more cells, which are the fundamental units of all life.

cell

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

Multiple choice question.

transmission electron microscope

scanning electron microscope

light microscope

light microscope

Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Select all that apply:

nucleus

cytoplasm

DNA

RNA

pigments

ribosomes

cytoplasm

DNA

RNA

Ribosomes

What is the most ancient type of life on Earth?

Multiple Choice:

protists

prokaryotes

fungi

eukaryotes

prokaryotes

Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of:

Multiple Choice:

cells.

organ systems.

organs.

tissues.

cells

True or false: Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms.

True

Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800s.

Select all that apply:

All cells can arise from spontaneous generation.

All cells have nuclei.

All organisms are made of one or more cells.

All cells originate from preexisting cells.

The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.

The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.

All organisms are made of one or more cells.

All cells originate from preexisting cells.

The rigid ______ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape.

Multiple Choice:

cytoskeleton

pellicle

flagellum

cell wall

cell wall

______ microscopes bounce electrons off the outside of a metal-coated three-dimensional object to observe the exterior texture.

Multiple Choice:

Dark transmission

Compound

Confocal

Scanning electron

Scanning electron

Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain ______ than they are to members of Domain Bacteria.

Multiple Choice

Monera

Plantae

Chordata

Eukarya

Eukarya

All cells have a cell ______ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment.

Multiple Choice:

vacuole

capsid

nucleoid

membrane

membrane

Archaea are:

Multiple Choice:

single-celled prokaryotes.

single-celled eukaryotes.

multicellular eukaryotes.

multicellular prokaryotes.

single-celled prokaryotes

______ cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.

Multiple Choice:

Plant

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Fungal

Prokaryotic

Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are organisms in the domain ______.

Multiple Choice

:

Bacteria

Monera

Archaea

Eukarya

Eukarya

Select all of the following that are true about organisms in Domain Bacteria.

Select all that apply:

contain multiple nuclei in each cell

some are used to make pharmaceuticals

most lack cell walls

Earth's oldest organisms

important decomposers and producers

some live in human intestines and help with digestion

Earth's oldest organisms

some are used to make pharmaceuticals

important decomposers and producers

some live in human intestines and help with digestion

All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the:

Multiple Choice:

Golgi apparatus.

outside environment.

ribosomes.

endoplasmic reticulum.

outside environment

What surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria and provides structure and protection?

Multiple Choice

ribosome

flagellum

nucleoid

cell wall

cell wall

Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Select all that apply:

location of DNA

evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes

molecules that compose the membranes

cell size

presence of cell wall in most

evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes

molecules that compose the membranes

The phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is ______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are ______ and thus face away from water.

Multiple Choice:

beta-helical; alpha-helical

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

alpha-helical; beta-helical

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Select all of the following that correctly describe Archaean cells.

Select all that apply:

arose before Bacteria

most have cell walls

eukaryotic

lack nuclei and organelles

can have flagella

most have cell walls

lack nuclei and organelles

can have flagella

Select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer without the assistance of transport proteins.

Select all that apply:

O2 and CO2

lipids

small nonpolar molecules

ions and polar molecules

O2 and CO2

lipids

small nonpolar molecules

Domain Eukarya includes ______.

Multiple Choice:

all organisms with prokaryotic cells

archaea and single-celled eukaryotes

all organisms with eukaryotic cells

bacteria and multicellular eukaryotes

all organisms with eukaryotic cells

Select all of the following that may be components of cell membranes.

Select all that apply:

phospholipids

mitochondria

proteins

steroids

Phospholipids

Proteins

Steroids

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

Select all that apply:

transcribe DNA into RNA and assemble ribosomes

receive and respond to external stimuli

enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

transport substances into and out of the cell

transport substances into and out of the cell

enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

receive and respond to external stimuli

Select a component of the cell membrane that is able to move laterally within the membrane, giving it the description of a fluid mosaic.

Multiple Choice:

Organelles

Water

Proteins

DNA

Proteins

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.

Multiple Choice:

triglyceride

carbohydrate

polysaccharide

phospholipid

phospholipids

What type of cell membrane protein allows molecules and ions to enter or exit the cell?

Multiple Choice:

Adhesion proteins

Steroids

Transport proteins

Recognition proteins

transport proteins

The portion of the phospholipid bilayer indicated by the circle (the inside of the phospholipid bilayer) in the picture is ______.

Multiple Choice:

freely permeable to polar molecules

hydrophilic

composed of phosphate groups

hydrophobic

hydrophobic

What are the structures indicated by the arrows in the picture that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?

vesicles

Biological membranes are selectively ______, meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell.

Multiple Choice:

permeable

fluid

charged

shaped

permeable

What prominent, central, DNA-containing structure in the eukaryotic cell is highlighted in the picture?

Golgi apparatus

Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus

Molecules called ______, which include cholesterol, are membrane components that aid in membrane fluidity.

Multiple Choice:

starches

triglycerides

waxes

steroids

steroids

The ______ found within the nuclear envelope are specialized channels that are composed of proteins and that allow the transport of substances into and out of the nucleus.

Multiple Choice:

nucleoli

ribosomes

transport vesicles

nuclear pores

nuclear pores

The cell membrane can be described as a(n) ________ mosaic because many of the diverse components can move freely within the cell membrane.

fluid mosaic

What structure is in the asterisk (*) in this image of the nucleus?

Multiple Choice:

nucleolus

correct

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

______ proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and act as passageways for water-soluble materials into or out of the cell.

Transport

What is the function of a ribosome?

Multiple Choice:

To manufacture RNA

To manufacture DNA

To manufacture proteins

To enclose materials to be exported from the cell

to manufacture proteins

Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called _______

Multiple Choice:

chloroplasts.

microtubules.

vesicles.

ribosomes.

vesicles

The endoplasmic ______ is a network of membranes originating at the nuclear envelope and winding through the cell.

Multiple Choice:

reticulum

cristae

matrix

granum

reticulum

In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is stored in a membrane-bounded organelle called the ______

Multiple Choice:

Golgi apparatus.

endoplasmic reticulum.

nucleus.

nucleoid.

nucleus

Proteins to be secreted outside the cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.

Multiple Choice:

rough

smooth

nuclear

mitochondrial

rough

n this illustration, what are the small, purple, circular structures indicated by the red arrows that are on the outer surface of the nucleus?

nuclear pores

What structure is indicated by the arrow in this picture of the endomembrane system and lacks ribosomes covering the exterior?

Multiple Choice:

mitochondrial cristae

rough endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of ______ are assembled.

Multiple Choice:

ribosomes

vacuoles

vesicles

ER

ribosomes

The ______ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.

Multiple Choice:

Golgi apparatus

centrosome

mitochondrion

cytoskeleton

Golgi apparatus

The cell structure that manufactures proteins is called a ____

Multiple Choice:

nucleosome.

lysosome.

peroxisome.

ribosome.

ribosome

Organelles called lysosomes contain ______ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris.

Multiple Choice:

ribozymes

enzymes

lipids

ribosomes

enzymes

What is the network of sacs and tubules that extends off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

Multiple Choice:

cytoskeleton

nucleus

endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

endoplasmic reticulum

Plant cells have large central ______ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.

Multiple Choice:

flagella

centrioles

vacuoles

Golgi complexes

vacuoles

Which structure within the endomembrane system lies close to the nucleus and has numerous ribosomes covering its exterior?

Multiple Choice:

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

What eukaryotic organelle is shown in the picture and functions in the production of cellular energy by cellular respiration?

Multiple Choice:

nucleus

chloroplast

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrion

mitochondrion

Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in the ____ endoplasmic reticulum.

smooth

What plant organelle is shown in the image and contains photosynthetic pigments?

Multiple Choice:

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Central vacuole

Mitochondrion

cholorplast

In this picture of the endomembrane system, the structure in green indicated by the arrow is called the _____

Multiple Choice:

smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

nucleus.

rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi apparatus.

Golgi apparatus.

What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food, and old cell parts with special dismantling enzymes?

Multiple Choice:

Golgi apparatus

lysosome

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

lysosome

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules comprise the ______, which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

Multiple Choice:

cytoskeleton

endoplasmic reticulum

glycocalyx

mitochondrion

cytoskeleton

What plant cell organelle can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert turgor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water?

Multiple Choice:

Golgi apparatus

central vacuole

chloroplast

lysosome

central vacuole

Select all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton in the cell.

Select all that apply:

transportation

detoxification of chemicals

production of most of the cell's ATP

aid for cell division

structural support

transportation

structural support

aid for cell division

Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a ________.

mitochondrion

Select all of the following types of organisms that usually have cell walls.

Select all that apply:

bacteria

fungi

plants

animals

algae

archaea

algae

bacteria

fungi

plants

archaea

The organelle that is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells is the _________ , which is a type of plastid.

chloroplast

plasmodesmata <--->

tight junctions <---->

anchoring junctions <---->

gap junctions <---->

Channels for the exchange of substances between adjacent animals cells

fuse cell membranes of adjacent animal cells, forming a barrier

tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells

connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal cells in one place

tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells

fuse cell membranes of adjacent animal cells, forming a barrier

anchoring junctions

connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal cells in one place

channels for the exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells

The ______ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane.

Golgi apparatus

What is the network of protein fibers and tubules inside the cell that provides support and aids in cell division and movement?

Multiple Choice:

cytoskeleton

extracellular matrix

plasmodesma

plasma membrane

cytoskeleton

The ______ is a protein network that occurs within the cytosol, provides support, and helps form ______.

Multiple Choice:

cytoskeleton; cell to cell connections

Golgi apparatus; detoxifying enzymes

cytoskeleton; detoxifying enzymes

Golgi apparatus; cell to cell connections

cytoskeleton; cell to cell connections

Select all of the functions of cell walls.

Select all that apply:

prevent the cell from bursting

regulate cell volume

impart shape

organize microtubules

store genetic material

impart shape

regulate cell volume

prevent the cell from bursting

The cell wall openings in plant cells called plasmodesmata are most similar to ______ junctions in animal cells.

Gap

The molecule shown in the picture is a:

Multiple Choice:

sugar-phosphate backbone.

glycoprotein.

triglyceride.

phospholipid.

phospholipids

What are the structures indicated by the arrows in the picture that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell?

Multiple choice question.endoplasmic reticula

peroxisomes

vesicles

central vacuoles

vesicles

In this illustration, what are the small, purple, circular structures indicated by the asterisk (*) that are on the outer surface of the nucleus?

Multiple choice:

nuclear pores

nucleoli

nuclear envelopes

ribosomes

nuclear pores